日本語の無生主語中間構文と降格受動構文の生態心理学的研究

An Ecological Psychological Analysis of Inanimate Subject Middles and Demotional Passives in Japanese: Focusing on Self-perception

本稿は生態心理学の基本理念である自己知覚の概念に基づき、無生主語中間構文(以下、中間構文と略す)と降格受動構文の非対称性について明らかにし、さらに人工知能(AI)の学習方案を提言したものである。まず中間構文には自己の直接知覚、すなわちエコロジカル·セルフ、観察点の公共性·知覚の公共性·属性は當てはまるが、降格受動構文には當てはまらない。第2に、中間構文はゼロ形の意味論制約を受けるが、降格受動構文は制約を受けない。さらに中間構文は意味上含意される動作主の関與が意志的にまたは無意志的に行われるが、降格受動構文では意志的に行われる。第3に、中間構文には視座の移動と自己の客体化が伴うが、降格受動構文には伴わない。第4に、中間構文には主語と知覚者との社会的基盤という概念が必然的に成立するが、降格受動構文は随意的に成立する。第5に、中間構文と降格受動構文はともにエピソード記憶により得られる点では対称的であるが、中間構文は観察者の記憶、降格受動構文は視野の記憶と意味記憶により得られる点で非対称的である。最後に、自己の直接知覚、ゼロ形の意味論·意志性、視座の移動·自己客体化、社会的基盤、記憶などの概念は、AIによる教師なき学習を可能にする重要な概念であることを明らかにした。

This study reviews asymmetries between middles and demotional passives in Japanese through self-perception, a key concept of ecological psychology. Furthermore, it proposes AI-mediated learning plans that can demonstrate middles and demotional passives. First, the asymmetry between middles and demotional passives occurs based on the direct perception of the self, that is, the ecological self, the publicity of the point of observation and the publicity and attributes of the perception. Second, zero type semantics and the volition of a subject are relevant factors. The middle construction is restricted by the zero type semantics, but the demotional passive is not. In addition, the use of middle constructions consciously or unconsciously involves a semantically implied agent, while this occurs only consciously in the case of demotional passives. Third, in middle constructions, movement of a viewpoint and objectification of self are accompanied, but not in demotional passives. Fourth, middle constructions share the social foundation with the subject and the perceiver, but demotional passives do not. Fifth, middle constructions and demotional passives are symmetric in that they are acquired through episodic memory together, but they are asymmetric in that middle constructions are acquired by observer memory and demotional passives by field memory and semantic memory. Finally, among AI-mediated learning methods, an asymmetry between middles and demotional passives occurs in unsupervised learning.