『法集別行錄節要竝入私記』』의 경절문 一考

A Study on the Path of Direct Cutting in Excerpts from the Dharma Collection and Special Practice Record with Personal Notes (法集別行錄節要竝入私記): Focusing on the Meaning of‘The Door of Entering the Way with No-mind’(無心合道門) and‘Observing the Keyword’(看話)

이 논문은 지눌의 비문에서 언급된 수행 3문 중 경절문과 관련된 용어인 무심합도문과 간화란 용어에 대한 문제의식을 바탕으로 쓰여졌다. 첫째, 무심합도문을 지눌이 열었던 또 하나의 수행문이라 보는 일각의 주장에 대해 반론을 제기하였다. 그러한 주장이 원문의 구성에 따른 맥락적 오독에 기반하고 있으며, 무심합도문은 종밀의 돈오점수론을 자세히 설명하기 위해 청량 징관의 글을 인용하는 과정에서 선종의 우월성을 천명하고 교학자들의 선종에 대한 바른 이해를 도우려고 썼던 것임을 밝혔다. 또 『節要』 원문의 정독을 통해 지눌이 쓴 간화란 용어의 의미를 규명해보았다. 즉, 『節要』의 경절문 부분에서 인용된 여러 일화들, 특히 『대혜어록』을 인용하기에 앞서 인용했던 『육조단경』의 일화들을 토대로 지눌이 가졌을 법한 간화수행문의 얼개를 그리며 대혜의 간화선과의 관계도 대략 검토해보았다. 지눌의 간화 수행법은 대혜의 간화선에서 ‘무자화두 십종병’을 말하는 부분을 적극 차용하긴 하였으나, ‘경절문=대혜선’이란 등식은 재검토되어야 함을 밝혔으며, 이를 통해 ‘경절문’을 ‘간화경절문’이라 명명하여 쓸 때 그 간화선의 성격은 지눌이 확립했던 간화 수행법에 많은 지분을 배당하여야 함을 제기하였다.

This article was written based on the critical mind about the terms ‘The door of entering the way with no-mind’ (無心合道門) and ‘Observing the keyword’ (看話), which are terms related to ‘the path of direct cutting’ (徑截門) among the three gates buddhist practice mentioned in the inscription of Chinul (知訥). First, I raised a counterargument to some of the arguments that saw the ‘The door of entering the way with no-mind’ as another practice approach that Chinul opened. It was revealed that such a argument was based on a contextual misreading according to the composition of the original text, and that ‘The door of entering the way with no-mind’ was written to clarify the superiority of Seon Buddhism in the process of citing Qingliang Chengguan's (淸凉澄觀) writings to explain Zongmi(780-841)'s theory of sudden enlightenment and gradual cultivation in detail and to help scholars understand Seon Buddhism properly. In addition, through thorough reading of the original text of Excerpts from the Dharma Collection and Special Practice Record with Personal Notes, the meaning of the term ‘Observing the Keyword’ written by Chinul was identified. In other words, based on the various episodes quoted in the path of direct cutting section of Excerpts from the Dharma Collection and Special Practice Record with Personal Notes, especially the episodes of the Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch (六祖壇經) cited before citing Zen Analects of Ta-hui (大慧語錄), the structure of the Kanhwa practice approach that Chinul must have had was drawn, and the relationship with Ta-hui (大慧)’s Kanhwa Sŏn was also reviewed. Although Chinul’s Kanhwa practice approach actively borrowed the part of Ta-hui (大慧)’s Kanhwa Sŏn that talks about ‘the ten illnesses of the Investigation of (the Hwadu word of) Mu’ (無字話頭十種病), it was revealed that the equation of ‘The path of direct cutting = Ta-hui Sŏn’ should be reexamined. Through this, it was suggested that when ‘the path of direct cutting’ is named ‘Kanhwakyo˘ngjo˘l mun’ (看話徑截門) and used, the nature of the Kanhwa Sŏn should allocate a large share to the Kanhwa practice approach established by Chinul.