“乌台诗案”的舆论博弈

Public Opinion Game in “Wutai Poem Case”

“乌台诗案”的本质是意见领袖与公权力话语的舆论博弈，本来，公权力话语对舆论有绝对主导权，可是出版业的技术革新助推了苏轼这位意见领袖的影响力，同时加深了宋神宗的话语权威胁感。在这场博弈中，苏轼本于“美刺”传统的创作先天存在有待听者裁决的“言说者陷阱”，御史台利用这个舆论黑洞，把“讽谏”释为“诽谤”，尽管司法部门否定了这种说法，部分有声望的行政官员也为苏轼辩解，但宋神宗利用这种舆论对立获得自由裁量空间，实现了旨在重新掌控舆论的隐秘目的。不过，这场博弈及其结果给宋代政治带来了深远的负面影响，为后续更激烈的舆论冲突埋下了伏笔。

The essence of “Wutai Poem Case” is the game between opinion leader and public power discourse. Originally, public power discourse had absolute dominance over public opinion, but the technical innovation of the publishing industry boosted the influence of Su Shi, the opinion leader, and deepened the threat of discourse authority of Song Shenzong. In this game, Su Shi's traditional creation based on the “complain tactfully” was born with a “speaker trap” to be decided by the hearers. The Censorate’s Office took advantage of this black hole of public opinion to interpret “satirical remonstrance” as “defamation”. Although the judicial departments denied this statement, and some prestigious administrative officials also defended Su Shi, Song Shenzong used this opposition of public opinion to obtain discretion and realize the secret purpose of re-controlling public opinion. However, this game and its results had a far-reaching negative impact on the politics of the Song Dynasty, laying the groundwork for a more intense public opinion conflict.