통계포스터에 나타난 통계적 탐구질문 분석

Analysis of Problem Statements in Poster Presentations of Statistical Investigation

실생활의 통계정보를 해석하고 비판적으로 이해하기 위해 통계적 탐구의 절차를 중심으로 한 통계교육이 강조되고 있다. 특히 통계적 탐구의 초기 단계인 문제설정 단계의 중요성이 더욱더 강조되고 있는데, 이때 탐구의 과정에서 어떤 탐구질문이 제기되고 어떻게 이 질문이 구체화되며 개선되어 나가는지가 성공적인 통계적 탐구를 결정한다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 좋은 통계적 탐구질문의 특성을 문헌조사를 통해 정리하고, 통계포스터 자료에 나타난 탐구질문을 이러한 특성에 따라 분석하고, 통계적 탐구과정에서 제기된 초기 탐구질문의 특성이 전체적인 통계적 탐구과정에서 제기된 다양한 수준의 질문의 구성과 양상에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 이를 통해 통계적 탐구를 지도할 때 탐구질문을 어떻게 설정하도록 안내해야 하는지에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다.

Researchers in statistics education have emphasized teaching statistics through statistical investigation. In the statistical investigation cycle, formulating questions in the initial stage of the cycle is a fundamental process for successful statistical investigation. In this study, characteristics of good investigative questions are summarized based on literature review, and the investigative questions stated in 39 poster presentations submitted to a competition held by Statistics Korea for middle school students are analyzed according to these characteristics. The problem statements are extracted from each poster at any stage of the investigation including hypothesis statements implied in the analysis. Problem statements are divided into theme questions, refined questions, analysis questions based on their level of concreteness. For six aspects of problem statements, levels or types are determined. These aspects include how clearly the variables, populations, intentions are described, whether if the questions enable appropriate data collection, whether if the problem is statistical or not, and the types of the context of the investigation. Also, relationships between problem statements in each poster are analyzed by representing them in a diagram and obtaining several indices for the complexity of the structure of problem statements. From the analysis results, it has been found that when the characteristics of theme questions or refined questions are in high level, the overall structure of problem statements is more complex. Also modification and improvement of investigative questions occurred after pilot investigation or partial investigation, which indicates guiding students to conduct the investigation through several stages with an process of refining the questions at the end of each stage can help improve the quality of statistical investigation.