중국 내 외국인 직접투자가 숙련 프리미엄에 미치는 직간접 효과

The effect of foreign direct investment on the skill premium in China

본 연구는 중국의 가정패널조사를 활용하여 외자기업 여부가 노동자의 숙련 프리미엄에 미치는 영향을 실증 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 중국 내 외자기업의 숙련 프리미엄은 비외자기업보다 높은 것으로나타났으며, 중서부지역보다 동부지역에서 외자기업의 숙련 프리미엄이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이같은 동부지역의 높은 숙련 프리미엄은 또한 2010년대 후반으로 갈수록 중국 내 외자기업의 숙련프리미엄이 축소된 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 지역의 외국인 직접투자에 기인한 간접적인 숙련 프리미엄 효과를 추가 분석하였으며, 해당 효과는 외국인 소유 효과와 함께 외자기업, 동부지역, 2010년전반기의 높은 숙련 프리미엄을 설명해 준다.

This study empirically analyzed the direct and/or indirect effect of FDI on the skill premium by using China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data. Further, considering China's regional heterogeneity, the observations were divided into the eastern and central western regions according to the region of residence, and the effect of FDI on the skill premium in each region was studied. The results of the analysis show that the skill premium of foreign-owned firms in China is higher than that of domestic-owned firms. In addition, the skill premium of foreign-owned firms seems to be larger in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. Moreover, the skill premium of foreign-owned firms in China decreased in the late 2010s, compared to the first half of the 2010s. The additional analysis considering the indirect effect of regional FDI on the skill premium suggests that FDI in the region mainly has an indirect effect on the expansion of the skill premium of foreign-owned firms. In particular, the FDI has a greater impact on the skill premium in foreign-owned firms than the impact of foreign ownership. Further, the larger impact of foreign ownership and regional FDI explains the high skill premium in the eastern region compared to the central and western regions. The drop of the impact of foreign ownership and regional FDI also explains the drop of the skill premium over 2010s.