직장인의 개인성향, 성취욕구 및 창업준비가 창업의도에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Personal Propensity, Achievement Desire, and Start-up Preparation on Entrepreneurial Intention of Workers: Focusing on the Parallel Mediating Model of Recognition of Start-up Opportunity and Social Perception of Entrepreneurs

경력 직장인이 창업을 가장 많이 하고 있음에도 불구하고 직장인에 대한 창업관련 연구는 매우 낮은 수준으로 확장된연구가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 역량있는 경력 직장인을 창업으로 유도하고, 창업환경 개선과 촉진활동을 제시하고자직장인의 창업기회인식과 기업가 사회적인식의 병렬매개모형 중심으로 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하였다. 국내 거주하는 직장인을 모집단으로 447개의 유효한 설문지를 활용하였으며, 연구분석은 SPSS Ver.22.0, PROCESS macro v3.5로, 다중병렬 매개모형은 PROCESS macro의 Model 4로 검증하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 직장인의 개인성향인 진취성은 창업관련 인식(창업기회인식, 기업가 사회적인식)에 영향을 미치지않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 매개변인(창업기회인식과 기업가 사회적인식)이 통제된 상황에서 개인성향(진취성, 위험감수성), 성취욕구(경제적성취, 자아성취), 창업준비는 창업의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 개인성향(진취성, 위험감수성)은 창업의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 넷째, 매개효과 분석결과 창업기회인식과 기업가 사회적인식은 경제적성취, 자아성취, 창업준비와 창업의도 간을 매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 진취성과 창업의도 간은 매개효과가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 기업가 사회적인식도 위험감수성과 창업의도 간 매개효과가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 위험감수성은 창업의도에 유의하지 않으나 창업기회인식을 인지하면 창업의도에 영향을 미쳐 완전매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 직장인 창업활성화를 위해 창업기회 접점확장과 기업인에 대한 긍정적 인식제고가 요구되며, 창업준비 정도에 따라서 창업의도에 대한 영향력이 다르므로 실제 창업행동으로 이어지기 위해서는 구체적인 아이템, 자본마련 등의 창업준비가 중요함을 시사하였다.

Despite the fact that career workers start a business the most, studies on entrepreneurship on workers are at a very low level, and extended research is needed. This study empirically analyzed the effect on entrepreneurial intention, focusing on the parallel mediating model of recognition of start-up opportunity and social perception of entrepreneurs, in order to induce competent career workers to start a business and to suggest improvements and promotion activities. A total of 447 valid questionnaires were used for the study with workers residing in Korea as the population, and the research analysis was verified with SPSS Ver.22.0 and PROCESS macro v3.5, and the multi-parallel mediation model was verified with PROCESS macro Model 4. The results of the study are as follows: First, it was confirmed that personal propensity(initiative, risk-taking) does not consistently affect entrepreneurship-related perceptions. Second, in a situation where the mediating variables(recognition of start-up opportunity and social perception of entrepreneurs) were controlled, personal propensity(initiative, risk-taking), desire for achievement(economic achievement, self-fulfillment), and start-up preparation were found to have an effect on entrepreneurial intention. Third, it was investigated that personal propensity(initiative, risk-taking) did not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, as a result of mediating effect analysis, it was found that recognition of start-up opportunity and social perception of entrepreneurs mediated between economic achievement, self-fulfillment, entrepreneurial preparation and entrepreneurial intention. It was found that there was no mediating effect between initiative and entrepreneurial intention, and it was also confirmed that social perception of entrepreneurs had no mediating effect between risk-taking and entrepreneurial intention. Risk-taking was not significant for entrepreneurial intention, but recognition of start-up opportunity had a complete mediating effect on entrepreneurial intention. Through this study, it is necessary to expand the contact point for entrepreneurship opportunities and increase the positive perception of entrepreneurs in order to activate entrepreneurship among workers, Since the effect on entrepreneurial intention is different depending on the degree of preparation for start-up, it suggests that preparation for start-up, such as specific items and capital procurement, is important to lead to actual start-up action.