한국어 학습자를 위한 문화 능력의 평가 방안

Cultural Literacy Test in Korean Education as a Foreign Language

Korean education as a foreign language (KEFL) aims to integrate communication skills and cultural literacies in language teaching. At this moment, ‘culture’ has two meanings: ① cultural contents like as history, geography and arts ② cultural rules of language usage. KEFL has to teach both meanings. Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK), made by Korean Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation (KICE), is the most representative test for KEFL. TOPIK considers that following elements are Korean language culture: ① social customs ② knowledges on Korea ③ conventional expressions ④ properties of language communication ⑤ literature as a language art. Through the analysis of TOPIK, this paper discussed the cultural literacy into five concepts: ① viewpoints of language and language use ② properties of expression ③ texts as a cultural legacy ④ communicational strategies ⑤ macro discourses around language. The nature of KEFL test can be revealed by clarifying contents, materials and methods. These can vary or change according to each test’s objects and candidates’ needs. This paper classified elements of KEFL test by viewpoint of culture and proposed a systematic approach to the test − which combines domain, tool and situation of the test. It also suggested an overall checklist format for the test of cultural literacy in KEFL.