경쟁특성이 직무성과 및 정서적 탈진에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Trait Competitiveness on Job Performance and Emotional Exhaustion: The Moderating Effect of Competitive Climates

최근 경영환경은 경쟁적인 분위기로 변화되었고, 불확실성의 증대에 따라 성과 중심의 경영시스템을 구축해 조직 내 경쟁체제를 도입해 왔다. 국내 기업의 성과주의 시스템 도입으로 인하여 구성원들의 직무불안정성 증가에 따른 조직상황이나 문화를 고려할 때, 경쟁분위기의 심화에 따라 발생할 수 있는 개인 수준의 결과들을 살펴봄으로써 이에 대한 심도 깊은 연구와 대처 방안이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 개인의 경쟁특성이 직무성과 및 정서적 탈진에 미치는 효과와 이들 간의 관계에 경쟁분위기의 조절 효과를 검증함으로써 인적자원관리 연구의 이론적 확장과 더불어 실무적인 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 가설검증을 위해 국내 기업의 205명의 구성원들을 대상으로 한 설문자료를 분석하였다. 가설검증 결과 첫째, 경쟁특성은 직무성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경쟁특성은 정서적 탈진에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경쟁특성과 직무성과, 정서적 탈진 간의 관계에 있어서 경쟁특성과 경쟁분위기의 상호작용은 정서적 탈진에만 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 경쟁분위기가 높을 경우에 경쟁특성이 정서적 탈진에 미치는 영향력은 증폭 되어지는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 토대로 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구과제를 제시하였다.

Recently, due to the competitive business environment, companies have introduced performance-based management systems, which are deepening the atmosphere of competition within the organization. Competition for organizational rewards, promotion, status, and survival is a tool often used by managers to motivate greater performance from employees, but there has been a considerable debate about the effect of inter-organizational competition on individuals and organizations. Competitiveness may be attributed to not only organizational characteristics but also personal characteristics. Competition is the inseparable part of organization life. Employees compete amongst themselves for compensation, promotion and status. As an individual trait, trait competitiveness is defined as the enjoyment of interpersonal competition and the desire to win and be better than others. Thus, the effects of competition depend on characteristics of the person and the situation. Adopting a trait activation theory, this study examine the interactive effects of trait competitiveness and competitive climate on individual level work outcomes. Specifically, this study assesses (1) the effect of trait competitiveness on job performance and emotional exhaustion, and, (2) the moderating effect of competitive climates on the relationship between trait competitiveness and job performance and emotional exhaustion. To test these relationship, we collected data via a survey with a sample of 270 employees in 12 organizations, and after excluding unanswered items questionnaires, total of 205 employees data were used for analysis. The results show that trait competitiveness has positive relationships with job performance, but do not have a significant effect on emotional exhaustion. Also, competitive climates has turned out to have moderating effect on the relationship between trait competitiveness and emotional exhaustion. The findings suggest that as individual perceptions of competitive climate increase, the negative effects of trait competitiveness on emotional exhaustion is activated. However, the moderating effect competitive climates in the relationship between trait competitiveness and job performance is not significant.