거절 화행에 나타난 한국어 학습자의 불손 표현 연구

A Study on Impolite Expressions in Refusal Speech Acts from Korean Learners

The present study aims to overview the concept and types of impolite expressions in Korean language. It also aims to explore patterns and characterize the impolite expressions within refusal speech acts from Korean learners. This results show that, first, out of the total of 322 refusal speech acts, there were 245(76.1%) impolite expressions, among which 155(48.1%) were attributed to negative impoliteness. Situation 4 was most commonly accompanied by impolite expressions (98.2%). Second, learners at a higher level of Korean proficiency were less likely to have impolite expressions. Impolite expressions were more likely to occur in a conversation with an unfamiliar person or with one at a higher position (n=88, 81.5%). Bald on record impoliteness occurred more often in a conversation with a person at a lower position. Bald on record impoliteness was not accompanied by any strategy to prevent from disgracing the other party, but explicitly delivered a meaning of advice or interference to the other party. In addition, positive impoliteness in the refusal act was characterized by errors in honorific expressions, absence of apology, negative assessment about the other party’s behavior, and absence or insufficient explanation about the refusal. Negative impoliteness in the refusal speech act was characterized by providing alternatives in an instructive manner, direct expression of refusal, and absent hedges.