백제 웅진기 건물지의 평면변화와 위계

Changes in Plan and Hierarchy in the Building of the Woongjin period of Baekje

궁궐은 왕의 권위를 나타내는 格式을 갖춘 구조물로서, 고대 이래최대 복합 건축군이라고 할 수 있다. 동북아시아의 고대 국가들은 대체로 고대 중국의 궁궐을 모델로 삼아 궁궐을 영건하면서 다양한 規 範과 儀禮가 적용되었다. 그러나 자연에 대한 인식의 차이와 지형 조건, 그리고 도구의 사용과 생활 관습의 차이 등을 배제할 수 없기 때문에, 왕성 내 왕궁건축 조영에 있어서 해당지역의 지형과 환경에 기초한 검토가 필요하다. 따라서 백제 웅진기 왕성인 공산성 내 왕궁관련 건물지의 구조와 위계는 자연지형을 활용한 空間活用과 立地에대한 이해를 전제로 판단할 필요가 있다. 그리고 건물의 지상구조는고고학적 조사를 기초로 상부구조를 파악하기 어려우므로, 제도로규정되어 있는 고대 건축의 위계자료를 참고할 필요가 있다. 웅진기 백제왕성 내 건물지의 가장 큰 변화는 地上化, 평면 구조와 규모의 定型化, 칸에 의한 空間構成을 들 수 있다. 한성기에 비하여 건물지의 규모가 소형화되었으나, 목구조를 기초로 건물의 지상화가 안정적으로 이루어졌다는 특징을 살필 수 있다. 즉 웅진기 벽주건물은 통칸의 單室로 구성된 초기 평면 방형의 구조에서, 측면으로확장되면서 間에 의한 공간구획과 대형화가 이루어지는 특징을 보인다. 따라서 벽주건물과 함께 확인되는 굴립주건물지는 장랑식건물에의한 공간구획을 통하여 공적인 공간구성을 이루고 있으며, 칸에 의한 공간구획을 보이는 등 기능에 따른 공간구성과 位階가 區分되었음을 유추할 수 있다. 특히 추정왕궁지와 공북루 남쪽대지 중심영역내 5단 대지의 건물지 모두 계단상의 높은 대지를 조성한 후 건물을배치함으로써, 진입부에서 건물이 조망되는 앙각의 구조를 이루고있다. 즉 진입부의 낮은 곳에서 높은 곳의 건물을 올려다보는 仰角으로 조망되면서 일정한 視線이 强制되어, 건물의 권위를 부각시키고상징성을 강조하고 있음을 주목할 필요가 있다.

This The palace is a formal structure representing the authority of the king and can be said to be the largest complex building group since ancient times. Ancient countries in Northeast Asia generally used ancient Chinese palaces as models and built palaces, and various norms and rituals were applied. However, since differences in perception of nature, topographical conditions, and differences in the use of tools and living customs cannot be excluded, a review based on the topography and environment of the area is needed in the construction of the royal palace. Therefore, the structure and hierarchy of royal palace-related buildings in Gongsanseong Castle, which is the Castle of Woongjin in Baekje, need to be judged on the premise of understanding the use and location of space using natural terrain. In particular, in the case of ground buildings, it is difficult to grasp the superstructure based on archaeological investigations, so there is a limit to the hierarchical review of ancient architecture defined by the system. Accordingly, based on the size and structure of the building site in the Woongjin period Baekje Castle, and the spatial compartment that can be identified in the arrangement of the building within the unit space, we tried to understand the changes and hierarchies of the building site in the Woongjin period of Baekje. First of all, the biggest changes in the building site in Baekje's Castle during the Woongjin period include a ground building, standardization of plane structure and scale, and spatial composition by compartments. Although the size of the building site has been miniaturized compared to the Hanseong period, it can be seen that the grounding of the building has been stably carried out based on the wooden structure. The structure of the building site shows that the Byeokju-building(벽주건물) and the Gulipju-building(굴립주건물) in the early Woongjin period are expanded from the initial planar structure to the side, resulting in space division and enlargement by the compartment. The hierarchy of Baekje building sites during the Woongjin period can be divided around location, plan and size, and left direction. As for the location, planned building arrangements were made after the site was divided by infrastructure such as roads and drainage channels to overcome the limitations of the topography such as hilly lines and lowlands. It can be inferred that the space was controlled in the left-facing arrangement that conformed to the location and land of the building, and the spatial composition and hierarchy according to the function were distinguished. The floor plan of the building is divided into a square Byeokju-building(벽주건물) and a Gulipju-building(굴립주건물). The distribution of buildings differs between the central building group and the surrounding building group. In the ruins related to the royal palace in the south of Gongbukru(공북루), the space is divided into five stages of land, and the land gradually increases. In addition, the presumed royal palace site forms a land as it gradually rises from the access road to the east. In other words, you enter while looking up at a building located on a high land from a low area. It's worth noting that it's forced to look up from a low point of view, which highlights the authority of the building and emphasizes symbolism.