의미치료법(Logotherapy)의 이론에 근거하여 만들어진 영문판‘삶의 목적 검사(PIL)’를 한국어로 번안하여 국내에서의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하고 정상 일반인군과 우울증군간의 차이를 조사하였다. 방 법： 정상 일반인 남녀 625명에게 한국어판 PIL을, 우울증 환자 40명에게 PIL 및 BDI를 시행하였으며, 정상 일반인 대상자들 중 45명에게 검사-재검사를 시행하였다. 결 과： 1) 정상 일반인군과 우울증군의 PIL총점 평균은 각각 95.66점, 75.70점으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2) 정상 일반인 군에서 2주간의 시간 간격을 두고 검사-재검사를 실시한 결과 전체 문항 점수에 대한 상관계수는 0.89이었다. 3) 내적 일치도는 Cronbach α=0.8897(Standardized item alpha=0.8966)이었다. 4) PIL 20개 문항들은 4개의 요인들(‘삶에 대한 태도’, ‘삶에 대한 목표의식’, ‘삶에 대한 주도성’, ‘존재에 대한 가치감’)로 분석되었으며, 요인들간에 통계적으로 유의한 양적(positive) 상관관계가 있었다. 5) BDI와 PIL 총 점수간에 통계적으로 유의한 부적 상관관계(negative correlation)가 있었고, 4개의 요인별 비교에서도 우울증 군은 정상 일반인 군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 점수를 나타냈다. 결 론： 한국어판 삶의 목적 검사(PIL) 척도는 신뢰할 수 있고 타당한 척도라고 사료된다.
Objectives：Purpose In Life test(PIL) was a scale designed for detecting the quantity of purpose in life of oneself, which was consisted with 20 items and. The theological background was a philosophy of existentialism and because everybody’s having a desire of finding the meaning of own life, thus, unless found it everybody could experience the existential frustration and existential vacuum. We had thought the PIL could be a useful tool for detecting the causal aspects and therapeutic directions of the Korean specific disease entity such as Hwabyeong, house keeper’s depression, the problems of the childhood etc. Thus, we had translated English version of PIL into Korean and testified the reliability with validity. Methods：Subjects were physically healthy and no psychiatric problems of 700 people. However, the data we had treated at last were 625. And also we tried to do test-retest and compared the healthy people’s data by PIL with depression patient’s data by PIL and BDI. Results：1) The ratio of the men/women was 241/384 and mean age was 37.87 years old in healthy group and 26/14 with 40.77 years old in depression group. And in depression group mean duration of illness was 52.17 months with 25 points of mean BDI total score. 2) Total score of PIL was 95.66 in healthy group and 75.70 in depression group, there was statistical difference between groups(p<0.05). Statistical differences were related with religion and education level in healthy group but there were no relations with those items, except gender, in depression group. 3) Test-retest reliablity of healthy group was done with Pearson’s correlation and the r was 0.89(p<0.01). 4) Item-total correlation was Cronbach α=0.8897(Standardized item alpha=0.8966) and internal consistency was Equal-length Spearman-Brown=0.8151(Guttman Split-half=0.8136, Unequal-length Spearman-Brown=0.8151). 5) There were 4 factors by the factor analysis. The meaning of the factors were like that factor 1 was ‘attitude about the life’ and factor 2 ‘purpose of the life’, factor 3 ‘initiative’, factor 4 ‘value about being’. Those 4 factors were revealed statistical differences between healthy and depression group(p<0.01). 6) In the concurrent validity total score of BDI and PIL revealed negative correlation(r=-0.621, p<0.01). The scores of the 4 factors in depression group were statistically lower than those in healthy group(p<0.01), and also correlations of the BDI total score with 4 factors revealed negative correlations, which were statistically significant(factor 1 r=-0.626, factor 4 r=-0.698；p<0.01, factor 2 r=-0.377, factor 3 r=-0.426；p<0.05). Conclusion：We suggest that Korean version of PIL might be a reliable and valid scale.
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