쓰여진 것과 쓰여지지 않은 것(2)

Written and Unwritten : Rereading the History of Chinese Literature in the 1980s

중국의 당대문학사(當代文學史)에서 1980년대를 설명하는 키워드로 ‘상흔문학’, ‘반사문학’, ‘심근문학’ 등이 있다. 또한 문학창작 주체의 관점에서 ‘돌아온 작가’, ‘지청 작가’ 등을 언급하기도 한다. 그리고 이들은 모두 바로 문화대혁명과 연관되어 있다는 공통점이 있다. 만약 이렇게 몇 가지 키워드만으로 간단하게 정리된 중국의 당대문학사에서 ‘쓰여진 것’만 그대로 수용한다면, ‘쓰여지지 않은 것’을 접할 기회가 없어질 것이다. 본 논문에서는 중국의 ‘다시 쓰여진 문학사’의 대표적인 결과물로 꼽히는 훙쯔청(洪子誠)과 천쓰허(陳思和)의 당대문학사 저작 중, 1980년대 초반 문학사를 다시 읽으면서, 무엇을 쓰고 무엇을 쓰지 않았는지 살펴보고자 한다.

In the history of Chinese contemporary literature(中國當代文學史), keywords such as ‘Scar Literature(傷痕文學)’, ‘Introspection Literature(反思文學)’ and ‘Root-seeking Literature(尋根文學)’ are used to explain the Chinese literary world in 1980s. And from the perspective of literary authors, ‘returned writer(復出作家)’ and ‘Zhiqing writer(知靑作家)’ are mostly mentioned in the history of Chinese contemporary. And they all have one thing in common: they are directly related to the Cultural Revolution. If we accept only what has been ‘written’ in the history of Chinese contemporary literature, which is simply summarized by a few keywords, we will not have the opportunity to encounter what has ‘not been written’. In this paper, I will focus and examine what was written and what was not written in the early 1980s literature histories of Hong Zicheng(洪子誠) and Chen Shihe(陳思和), which are representative results through 'Rewriting the History of Literature(重寫文學史)’ in Chinese academia. In particular, I analyze Lu Yao and his novel, as a case of a writer who failed to be included in the 1980s literature history, because he did not belong to the above-mentioned categorizations, i.e., ‘Zhiqing writer’, ‘Scar Literature’, ‘Introspection Literature’ and ‘Reform literature’ and so on.