대학생에서 영성, 자아탄력성 및 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계

The Inter-Relationships of Spirituality, Ego-Resilience, and Psychological Well-being among Undergraduate Students

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 영성과 자아탄력성, 그리고 심리적 안녕감 간의 상관 관계를 알아보고, 이들이 서로 어떻게 영향을 주고 받는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 서울, 경기, 강원, 충북, 충남, 대전 소재의 대학생 293명을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 영성 척도, 자아탄력성 척도, 심리적 안녕감 척도를 이용하여 대상자들을 평가하였으며, Pearson 상관 분석, 독립 표본 t 검증, 중다 회귀분석을 이용해 자료를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 영성과 자아탄력성, 심리적 안녕감은 모두 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 서로 정적 상관관계를 가진 것으로 나타났으며(p＜0.05), 그 중에서도 자아탄력성과 심리적 안녕감의 상관이 가장 높았다. 영성과 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계에서 자아탄력성이 부분적인 매개 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타나(p＜0.001), 심리적 안녕감을 설명하는 정도는 영성 단독일 때보다 영성과 자아탄력성이 모두 투입되었을 때 더 높은 설명력을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 영성과 자아탄력성, 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계를 알아보고 자아탄력성의 매개효과를 확인하였다. 이를 근거로 심리적 안녕감 향상을 위해 영성 및 자아탄력성 요인을 증진시키는 프로그램 개발이 필요하겠다.

Objectives : Social interest in quality of life has increased, substantially in recent years. Many studies reporting on psychological well-being have emerged in the current social atmosphere. Spirituality and ego-resilience are several of many factors that affect psychological well-being. The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationships between spirituality, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being and to determine how they might affect each other. Methods : This study was performed with 293 undergraduate students in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Daejeon, South Korea. Subjects were evaluated using spirituality, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being scales. The scale measuring spirituality was composed of 6 subscales, each consisting of 5 items. These subscales covered the following aspects: the meaning and purpose of life, inner resources, connectedness, transcendence, awareness, and compassion. The ego-resilience scale, which included 29 questions, contained 4 subscales on, confidence, efficacy in interpersonal relations, optimistic attitudes, and anger regulation. A higher score on the scale meant a higher degree of ego-resilience. Six subscales assessing self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth comprised the psychological well-being scale. The score obtained on this 46-item scale reflect one’s level of psychological well-being. In the present study, statistical analysis was performed with SPSS for Windows 18.0, and data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis in order to ascertain the correlations between variables. Additionally, an independent samples t-test was conducted in order to confirm whether these variables are affected by gender and a 3-step multiple regression analysis was run to identify the mediating effect of ego-resilience. Results : Spirituality, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being were statistically significantly correlated with each other. The correlation between ego-resilience and psychological well-being was especially strong (r=0.717, p＜0.05). The results of the multiple regression analysis were as follows: spirituality significantly explained ego-resilience (β=0.542, p＜0.001) in the first step, and significantly predicted psychological well-being (β=0.656, p＜0.001) in the second, in the third step of the analysis, ego-resilience significantly explained psychological well-being, even when the effect of spirituality on psychological well-being was statistically controlled (β=0.512, p＜0.001). Further, the effect of spirituality on psychological well-being was decreased in the third step (β=0.378, p＜0.001), compared with its strength in the second (β=0.656, p＜ 0.001). To elaborate on these results, ego-resilience showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being, therefore, psychological well-being had a higher explanatory power when spirituality and ego-resilience were both considered together, rather than spirituality alone. Conclusion : This study elucidated the relationships between spirituality, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being among undergraduate students in South Korea, and revealed the specific mediating effect of ego-resilience. To improve psycho-logical well-being, it is necessary to develop programs like the Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) that promote spirituality along with factors contributing towards greater ego-resilience.