텍스트마이닝을 활용한 남녀 화자별 가족설화 전승 유형의 차이 고찰

A Study on the Differences in Transmission Types of Family Tales by Male and Female Speakers Using Text Mining: Focused on ‘daughter-in-law’ Type Tales

본고는 『한국구비문학대계』와 『증편 한국구비문학대계』에 실린 ‘며느리’ 설화 전반을 대상으로 남녀 화자별 전승 유형의 차이를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 ‘연관어 네트워크 분석 기법’과 ‘명사 빈도수에 기반한 통계적 방법’을 사용하여 남녀 화자별 전승 유형을 시각화하고 이를 비교하였다. 그 결과 남녀 화자 모두 ‘며느리-시아버지’, ‘며느리-시어머니’ 유형을 집중적으로 전승하였음이 확인되었는데 여기서 남성화자는 ‘며느리-시아버지’ 유형, 여성화자는 ‘며느리-시어머니’ 유형을 더 많이 구연하는 모습을 보였다. 이에 따라 본고에서는 두 유형을 중심으로 남녀 화자별 전승 유형을 비교하였으며 그 차이는 다음과 같다. 먼저 ‘며느리-시아버지’ 유형에서 남성화자들은 <시아버지를 여종과 혼인시킨 며느리>, <사위된 시아버지와 장모된 며느리>, <시아버지 정력을 시험한 며느리>, <글 대구 맞춘 며느리>와 같이 ‘시아버지의 문제 상황을 해결하는 며느리’ 서사를 관심 있게 구연하는 경향을 보였다. 반면 여성화자는 <며느리 길들인 시아버지>, <방귀 잘 뀌는 며느리>와 같이 방귀조차도 마음대로 뀌기 어려운 ‘며느리의 위치성’을 보여주는 이야기를 비중 있게 전승하고 있음이 확인되었다. 한편 ‘며느리-시어머니’ 유형은 여성화자들의 집중적 구연 유형으로 이들은 특히 <지렁이국으로 봉양한 며느리>, <시어머니에게 밤 삶아준 며느리>와 같이 ‘물질적 봉양의 주체가 되는 며느리’의 면모가 드러나는 서사, ‘시집살이의 어려움이 형상화’된 이야기를 관심 있게 전승하였다. 이에 비해 남성화자들은 ‘며느리를 음담의 소재’로 구연하는 경향이 나타났다.

This paper examines the differences in transmission types between male and female speakers regarding the 'daughter-in-law' folktales found in both the Comprehensive Korean Oral Literature and Complementary Edition of Comprehensive Korean Oral Literature. To do this, we visualized and compared the transmission types of male and female speakers using both 'associated word network analysis technique' and 'statistical methods based on noun frequency'. As a result, it was confirmed that both male and female speakers transmitted the 'daughter-in-law's father' and 'daughter-in-law's mother' types intensively, but male speakers showed more frequent use of the 'daughter-in-law's father' type while female speakers showed more frequent use of the 'daughter-in-law's mother' type. Based on this, the present study compared the transmission types of male and female speakers with a focus on these two types, and the differences are as follows. First, in the 'daughter-in-law's father' type, male speakers tended to narrate stories in which daughters-in-law solve their fathers-in-law's problems, such as Daughters-in-law who marry off their fathers-in-law to maids, Father-in-law becomes son-in-law and daughter-in-law becomes mother-in-law, Daughter-in-law who tests her father-in-law's virility, and Daughter-in-law who is good at writing with great interest. On the other hand, female speakers tend to transmit stories that show the 'positionality of daughter-in-law,' even with regards to passing gas, such as Daughter-in-law who tames her father-in-law and Daughter-in-law who can pass gas well with significant weight. On the other hand, the 'daughter-in-law mother-in-law' type is mainly narrated by female speakers. In particular, there have been many stories showing 'serving parents with food', such as Daughter-in-law who cooked soup with earthworms to feed her mother-in-law and Daughter-in-law who boiled chestnuts to feed her mother-in-law. Male speakers, on the contrary, tended to talk about 'sexually objectifying the daughter-in-law'.