안전문화가 안전참여 행동에 미치는 영향

Effect of Safety Culture on Safety Participation Action: Focus on the moderating effect of the working ratio of elderly workers and foreign workers

고령 근로자와 외국인 근로자 증가는 안전사고 증가로 이어질 가능성이 높지만 국내의 신규 인력의 유입이 매우 저조하여 무조건 배척하기 쉽지 않다. 이에 최근 고령 근로자 및 외국인 근로자의 안전에 대한 관심이 많이 증가함에 따라 고령 근로자와 외국인 근로자의 안전사고 저감을 위한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고령 근로자와 외국인 근로자의 안전참여행동을 향상하는 데 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 안전문화 요소를 도출하기 위해 안전문화와 안전참여행동 간의 관계에 대한 고령 근로자와 외국인 근로자 근무비율의 조절효과를 검증하여 고령 근로자와 외국인 근로자 근무비율에 따른 안전문화요소가 안전참여행동에 미치는 영향력의 차이에 대해 알아보았다. 연구모형을 검증은 IBM SPSS Statistics 28 통계분석 패키지를 활용하여 조절회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 안전문화와 안전참여행동간의 영향관계를 검증한 결과, 통계적으로 유의하며 안전문화가 안전참여 행동을 약 72%를 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 안전문화를 구성하는 경영진 리더십, 작업반장 리더십, 교육 및 제도, 작업환경, 의사소통 모두 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 고령 근로자와 외국인 근로자 근무비율의 조절효과를 검증한 결과, 고령 근로자의 근무비율은 안전문화요인들과 안전참여 행동간의 관계를 조절하는 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 외국인 근로자 근무비율은 조절효과뿐만 아니라 안전참여 행동에 직접적인 영향도 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 ‘작업반장 리더십’과 ‘작업환경‘ 가 유의미했는데, 작업반장 리더십은 외국인 근로자 근무비율이 높을수록 안전참여행동에 미치는 긍정적인 효과가 상승되는 정도가 크며, ‘작업환경’은 외국인 근로자 근무비율이 높을수록 안전참여 행동에 미치는 긍정적인 효과가 상승되는 정도가 작았다. 본 연구를 통해 안전문화가 고령 근로자와 외국인 근로자의 안전참여 행동에 미치는 영향을 구체적으로 이해하고, 건설현장에서의 안전사고 예방 및 안전관리에 대한 새로운 접근방법을 제안할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

An increase in elderly workers and foreign workers is likely to lead to an increase in safety accidents, but it is not easy to exclude them unconditionally as the inflow of new domestic workers is very low. Accordingly, interest in the safety of elderly workers and foreign workers has recently increased, and it can be confirmed that efforts to reduce safety accidents customized for elderly workers and foreign workers are needed. Therefore, in this study, in order to derive safety culture factors that have a positive effect on improving the safety participation movement of elderly workers and foreign workers, the ratio of elderly workers and foreign workers to the relationship between safety culture and safety participation actions was analyzed through an adjustment regression analysis. By verifying the moderating effect, the difference in the influence of safety culture factors on safety participation action according to the ratio of elderly workers and foreign workers was investigated. To verify the research model, a moderated regression analysis was conducted to verify the moderating effect of the duty ratio of elderly workers and foreign workers on the relationship between safety culture and safety participation action using the IBM SPSS Statistics 28 statistical analysis package. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) As a result of verifying the influence relationship between safety culture and safety participation action, it was found that it was statistically significant and safety culture explained about 72% of safety participation action. All of the sub-factors (leadership of top management, Leadership of Lead Framer, Education and System, Work Environment, Communication) that constitute safety culture were found to have significant effects. 2) As a result of verifying the moderating effect of the working ratio of elderly workers and foreign workers, it was found that the working ratio of elderly workers had no effect of moderating the relationship between safety culture factors and safety participation action. On the other hand, it was found that the foreign worker duty ratio had a direct effect on safety participation action as well as a moderating effect. In particular, ‘Leadership of Lead Framer’ and ‘Work Environment’ were meaningful. As for 'Leadership of Lead Framer', the higher the ratio of foreign workers, the higher the positive effect on the safety participation movement. In ‘Work Environment’, the higher the ratio of foreign workers, the lower the degree to which the positive effect on safety participation action increased. Through this study, it is expected to understand the specific impact of safety culture on the safety participation action of elderly workers and foreign workers, and to propose a new approach to safety accident prevention and safety management at construction sites.