지역 커뮤니티를 통한 지역 방재력 향상에 관한 연구

일본의 지구방재계획을 중심으로

This study analyzed the characteristics of regional disaster prevention-related laws and cases through residents' communities in Japan, with the purpose of presenting policy direction for improving disaster preparedness in the event of a disaster in Korea. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were obtained. First, when large-scale disasters such as the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake and the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in Japan, residents' activities through self-help and mutual assistance became important due to the limitations of public assistance. Public awareness also decreased that “emphasis should be placed on public assistance”, but the proportion of those who responded that “public assistance, mutual assistance and self-help should be balanced” increased. Second, due to the revision of the “Framework Act on Disaster Countermeasures” in 2014, the “District Disaster-Prevention Plan” for autonomous, local disaster -prevention activities was introduced. The characteristics of the “District Disaster- Prevention Plan” are ① bottom-up plans in which plans are established and proposed by residents. ② It is a plan that is directly prepared by a resident who is familiar with the current issues of the region and is in line with the reality and characteristics of the region. ③ It is a plan to enhance the disaster prevention capacity of the region based on the “District Disaster-Prevention Plan” by emphasizing the implementation of disaster prevention activities, regular evaluation, and continuity of disaster prevention activities. Third, since the implementation of the “District Disaster-Prevention Plan” in 2014, various disaster prevention organizations have been working to establish plans in various parts of Japan. There are various representative disaster prevention activities ① centered on residents' associations, neighborhood associations, and elementary schools, ② local disaster prevention activities centered on private businesses, and ③ those centered on universities.