中国高等教育机会：研究回顾与研究趋势

Higher Education Opportunities in China: A Review of Research and Research Trends—CiteSpace-based Visual Mapping Analysis

中国高等教育由精英向为普惠转变，趋向大众化教育，学术界依然关注高等教育机会的不平等。本研究以CNKI 数据高级检索“高等教育机会”为主题词，筛选北大核刊与CSSCI 的中文期刊1259 篇文章。通过EXCEL 的可视化统计，清晰描绘中国高等教育机会的研究自1992 年起逐年增长，2010 年达到峰值，2014-2022 年文献数量再次呈现波动趋势。应用CiteSpace 分析1259 篇论文进行关键词节点类型，呈现学术研究受政府的指导思想和教育政策的宏观影响，高等教育机会的“性别差异”是持续研究热点，同时发现“性别差异”具有半衰期最长，呈现经典性。研究结果也表明高等教育机会扩大，但实现均等分配高等教育机会需关注政策转化为具体措施，尤其针对弱势群体，包括女性。因此，综合定性与定量研究才能更全面解决高等教育机会分配中的性别差异问题。

China’s higher education is undergoing a transformation from elitism towards inclusivity, moving towards mass education. Despite this shift, the academic community continues to focus on the inequality of higher education opportunities. This study, using advanced searches in the CNKI database with “higher education opportunities” as the main theme, selected 1259 articles from Chinese journals in Peking University’s core periodicals and CSSCI. Through visual statistical analysis in Excel, the research vividly illustrates the year-byyear growth of studies on China’s higher education opportunities since 1992, reaching its peak in 2010, with the literature quantity showing a fluctuating trend from 2014 to 2022. CiteSpace was employed to analyze the types of keyword nodes in the 1259 articles, revealing that academic research is macroscopically influenced by government guiding ideologies and educational policies. The “gender differences” in higher education opportunities have been a continuous research focus, and it was observed that “gender differences” have the longest half-life, presenting a classical nature. The study results also indicate an expansion of higher education opportunities. However, achieving equal distribution requires translating policies into specific measures, especially targeting vulnerable groups, including women. Therefore, a comprehensive approach combining qualitative and quantitative research is necessary to more thoroughly address gender differences in the distribution of higher education opportunities.