밀 유전자원 다양성 연구 현황

Research Advances in Diversity of Wheat Genetic Resources

Preserving and utilizing genetic diversity is crucial in crop breeding to address unpredictable situations such as climate changeand evolving consumer demands. It serves as a source of new traits and alleles. Core collections are established from approximately 10-20%of conserved resources, and they are not only used for efficient management of genetic resources in seed banks but also applied in cropimprovement programs and new gene discovery. These core collections demonstrate diversity based on the geographic origin of genetic resourcesand provide information on genetic similarity among resource types and collection regions. Recent advances in high-throughput genotypinghas enabled high-resolution association mapping, allowing for the precise discovery of new genes and QTLs. The wheat genetic diversity andpopulation structure of core collections are important in determining appropriate GWAS statistical methods for detecting these novel genesand QTLs. To maximize their utility, collecting detailed phenotypic data is crucial. This will expand their application in gene discovery, markerdevelopment, and more. In this study, we provided reviews for wheat core collection in the world to face the digital breeding era, whereprecise gene detection and manipulation are possible. The accumulation of genetic diversity, and phenotypic and genotypic information bycore collections will contribute to breeding cycle acceleration and trait selection optimization.