한국인의 불평 화행 실현 연구

A Study on Realization Aspects of Complaint Speech Acts among Koreans in their 20s and 30s: A Focus on the Analysis of the Strategies and Expressions used by Koreans in their 20s and 30s

The purpose of this study is to look into the realization aspects of complaint speech acts among Koreans in their 20s and 30s. Through DCT, utterances of 200 Koreans were collected to analyze complaint strategies and expressions in each given complaint situation. Complaint situations were categorized into four types according to the object of complaint, aggressiveness of interlocutor’s utterance, and intimacy between speaker and listener. Complaint strategies were analyzed through multiple response analysis, and complaint expressions were monitored for respective frequency. As results of analyzing complaint strategies by each situation type, it was found that Koreans tended to complain directly and expressively to unfamiliar interlocutors’ aggressive utterances (Type A). In cases of unfamiliar interlocutors’ non-aggressive utterances (Type B), Koreans usually tried to explain the problem and request for a solution. When a familiar interlocutor made a non-aggressive utterance (Type C), Koreans tended to directly complain about such behavior and provide instructions to the listener. When a familiar interlocutor complained about a non-interlocutors (Type D), Koreans used the strategy of sympathizing. In employing complaint strategies, the gender and age group factors were mostly insignificant. However, males tended to prefer S8(instructing) whereas S9(questioning) and S11(explaining the context) were more popular among females. Unrealization of complaint speech acts was more frequent in conversations with unfamiliar interlocutors than familiar ones. In strongly upsetting complaint situations, many chose to report directly to the police rather than directly deal with an unfamiliar speaker. Most frequently used expressions in complaint speech act situation types were those related to strategies. In Type A, expressions pointing out the listeners’ fault (-지(요), -잖아(요)) or emphasizing the speakers intention (-(으)세요, -(으)ㄹ게요) were commonly employed, whereas expressions of request (-아/어 주세요, 저기요) were more frequent in Type B. In Type C, along with expressions pointing out the listeners’ fault (-잖아(요)), expressions to ask for a solution (어떡해) or conventional complaint expressions (뭐야, 장난해) were repeatedly observed. In Type C, expressions of sympathy (그러게, 그치, 나도) were often used. Unlike existing literature, this study picked out the contexts where complaint speech acts are likely to be realized, and went on to analyze the strategies according to each context and extract native Korean speakers’ commonly used expressions. The study will serve as a baseline data in teaching complaint speech acts and expressions in actual fields of Korean education.