한국어 피동 표지의 다의성과 습득 양상

Polysemy of Korean Passive Markers and its Acquisition: Distinction between the Potential and the Passive

The prototypical characteristics of the passive construction are following; i) the subject is a direct object in the corresponding active, ii) the subject of the active is indicated by an agentive adjunct or is deleted, and iii) the verb is marked passive (Siewierska 1984). Korean passive markers have not only passive function but also other functions such as potential, spontaneous, and causative. However, in many Korean textbooks, these polysemous functions are presented in mixed types making second language learners confused. To find effective teaching method alternatives to these matters, this study investigated acquisition of the polysemous functions of Korean passive markers. As a result of experimental tasks, second language learners of Korean acquired the passive and the spontaneous in similar patterns. However accuracies of the potential and the causative were significantly different from those of the passive. These result can be interpreted that learners recognized the difference of the passive and the potential and they acquired the potential more slowly than the passive. So teachers must recognize the polysemous characteristics of Korean passive markers. And it is suggested that learners distinguish the passive and the potential using the syntactic structures and contexts rather than the morphological specificities.