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A Study on Constructing Tasks to Develop Speaking Strategies

As teaching a foreign language moves from product-oriented to process-oriented, developing communication strategies for the learners becomes by far essential. There is various factors that is impossible to expect in the communicative situations in real life, the learners cannot help but experience a variety of difficulties due to their lack of grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic and cultural knowledge about the target language. As of this, to overcome those troubles in various communicative situations of real life and to communicate in a effective and efficient way, the lesson should be run for the learners to develop the communicative strategies. In the field of teaching a foreign language, the necessity of developing learners’ communicative strategies is fully recognized and the researchers try their best to carry it out. Most Korean materials developed these days contain the activities to develop the learners’ strategies in three steps of a pre-task, task, and post-task. However, those in speaking tasks of Korean materials are limited in a few of strategy developing activities such as planning the contents of speaking beforehand or assessing other classmates’ speaking. Though there are lots of speaking strategies, the strategy developing activities are only a few. Thus, this study proposes task activities in detail to develop various speaking strategies for various learners. To do this, the kinds of speaking strategies are reviewed and then re-categorized according to the phase of task performance to utilize them in speaking. In addition, the speaking tasks of Korean materials are analyzed to study which activities are suitable for developing learners’ speaking strategies. Based on this, this study suggests how to construct the speaking tasks including activities to develop various speaking strategies.