한국어에 나타나는 이동의 어휘화 형식

Lexicalization Patterns of Motion Events in Korean: Based on Talmy(1985)'s Analysis

This paper discusses whether Talmy's proposal of lexicalization patterns holds true in Korean. According to Talmy(1985), a motion event may be analysed to five basic semantic elements: Motion, Path, Manner, Figure, and Ground. These may be found either lexicalized independently of one another, or variously conflated in the meaning of single words. English, for example, which belongs to satellite-framed languages, typically pack manner of motion into the verb, leaving path for an optional prepositional phrase. In contrast, verb-framed languages, such as Spanish and Greek encode path into the verb. However in the Korean language, there often occurs the phenomenon in which the semantic elements of manner and path are lexicalized in compounded verbs with the motion verb “go/come”. Thus, considering only the morphological aspect of the motion verbs, it appears that Talmy's proposal is not applicable to Korean. However, the phenomenon in which compounded verbs with manner elements show different syntactic characteristics from those with path elements illustrates the fact that the semantic elements showing manner and path are each compounded to the motion verb in a different way. In this paper, it is emphasized that in verbs compounded with semantic elements of the path or the manner, the path verb plays a role of the head of the sentence, but the manner verb does not. This phenomenon is analyzed to be the typological characteristic that proves the fact that Korean belongs in the category of verb-framed language. This paper argues that the lexical abundance of path verbs in comparison to manner verbs in Korean is another characteristic of a verb-framed language. In addition, this paper points out that the phenomenon in which manner verbs cannot take goal arguments is due to the aspectual mismatch between location particle and the verb in the Korean language.