The Effects of Tutor Training on the Acquisition of Observational Learning and Improvement of Echoic Responses for Elementary School Students Diagnosed with ASD

또래교수를 위한 훈련이 자폐스펙트럼장애를 가진 초등학생의 관찰학습능력 습득과 에코익반응 향상에 미치는 효과

본 연구에서는 교사수행 속도 정확도 측정 절차(Teacher Performance Rate and Accuracy observation, TPRA)를 이용한 또래교수훈련이 자폐스펙트럼장애를 가진 초등학생의 관찰학습능력과 에코익 반응에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 3명의 자폐스펙트럼장애를 가진 미국 초등학생이 본 실험에 참가하였으며, 독립변인과 종속변인의 기능적 관계를 분석하기 위해 지연된 대상자간 중다간헐기초선 설계법이 사용되었다. 실험참가자가 지켜보는 가운데 또래학생에게 미리 정해진 교수자극을 이용하여 런유닛을 제공한 후에 동일한 교수자극이 목표 실험참가자에게 주어졌을 때 실험참가자가 보이는 정반응 횟수를 주 종속변인으로 측정하였다. 독립변인으로 연구자는 TPRA를 이용하여 목표 실험참가자에게 또래교수(Peer Tutoring)을 정확하게 수행하기위한 훈련을 실시하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 간접적 런유닛에 대한 정반응 횟수가 증가하였다. 또한 실험참가자가 또래아동에게 제공되는 런유닛을 관찰할 때 보이는 에코익 반응 횟수 또한 증가하였다.

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of training three students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder to tutor their peers using the Teacher Performance Rate and Accuracy observation procedure (TPRA) as base of assessment on the acquisition of the observational learning capability. A time-lagged multiple probe across participants design was employed for this study. The dependent variables were the number of correct responses to observational learning probe trials in which the target participants observed direct Learn Units delivered to their peer confederates and then were probed for the correct responses to the indirect Learn Units. The independent variable was the mastery of tutor training as assessed through the TPRA. One pre-intervention probe session was conducted prior to the implementation of the intervention. After the participant finished the intervention session according to the pre-determined mastery criterion, two additional post-intervention sessions were conducted. Each probe and intervention session lasted approximately 20-30 min. Results showed that the numbers of correct responses to indirect Learn Units significantly increased following tutor training for three target participants. Additionally the number of echoic responses by the target participants of their peer confederates’ responses considerably increased.