청각장애유아 가족의 양육경험과 가족기능에 대한 연구

The Study on Rearing Experience and Family Function of the Family of Young Children with Hearing Impairment

청각장애유아의 출산과 양육은 건청부모의 건청유아를 위한 양육경험과는 다른 특성에 노출되며, 대부분의 건청부모는 자신의 유아가 청각에 문제가 있다는 사실을 인지하지 못한 상황에서 청각장애유아를 양육한다. 그러나 청각장애유아의 가족이 느끼는 양육경험과 그에 따른 가족기능의 양상은 가정마다 각기 다르게 나타나므로 만3세에서 초등학교 취학 전 어린이에 해당하는 청각장애유아의 부모를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 청각장애유아 가족의 배경변인을 토대로 부모의 양육효능감 및 태도, 스트레스의 전반적인 양육경험과 가족기능의 특성과 관계를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 청각장애유아 가족의 효율적인 양육과 원활한 가족기능을 위해서는 청각장애유아 가족의 긍정적인 양육효능감을 통한 양육스트레스의 감소와 바람직한 양육태도, 가족 간의 높은 결속·응집 및 적응을 통한 가족기능 강화의 필요성이 제기된다. 다시 말해 청각장애유아 가족의 안정적인 가족관계 및 삶을 위해서는 전반적으로 청각장애에 대한 가족의 긍정적인 양육효능감 및 태도 형성과 가족 간의 원활한 의사소통에 기초한 가족기능의 강화가 필요함을 알 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to suggest the situation and future direction for effective child rearing and family function of the family of young children with hearing impairment based on the correlation between child rearing experience and the characteristics of the family function. The 212 parents of young children with hearing impairment who were the age of three to five, and attending at the kindergarten in special schools, and nursery for children with disabilities or welfare institute for hearing impaired children were participated for this study. The questionnaire was divided into two parts, one was for child rearing experiencewith forty six questions, and the other one was for family function with seventeen questions. T-test, Pearson correlation, regression, and structure equation were utilized for this study. The results of this study were that: (a) the hearing impaired infants' sex, the degree of the hearing impairment, and the age of the parents of the hearing impaired infants were important factors to influence in child rearing attitudes and stress; (b) the hearing impaired infants' sex and the degree of the hearing impairment were main factors to effect in family function; and (c) the factors in the child rearing experience and the characteristics of the family function were indicated with correlation. Therefore this study concluded that positive child rearing experience of the family of young children with hearing impairments were influenced to the reinforcement for family function, and strengthen the solidarity for family members each others. Also this study suggested the systematic and professional programs, and financial supports were required to change the social attitudes and positive child rearing attitudes toward young children with hearing impairment, and to reinforce the family function with harmonious communication.