[기획연구] 글로벌 거버넌스 환경에서 안보 현상의 국가적 통제와 한국적 함의

Traditional and Non-Traditional Security: Their Concepts, Phenomena and Implications for Korean Security

This study intends to identify conceptual differences between traditional and non-traditional security, and to present an explanatory framework for analysis to explicate the shift from traditional security to non-traditional security. Finally, it explores security strategies for Korea to deal with new challenges provided by the coming of global governance. This study does not present the Kuhns paradigm shift but a progress of a scientific research program for a framework for analysis to explain the change from traditional to non-traditional security. The framework of a scientific research program, basically developed by Imre Lakatos, regards a theory as a specific structure and consequently sees a complex theory as a structured whole. According to the logic of the scientific research program, the evolution of science is proceeded in the form of a specific structure. A scientific research program is composed of some Hard-cores and a Protective Belt Zone. Hard-cores contains some definitions and propositions representing the properties of the program. When a scientific program survives, the definitions and propositions should not be rejected by any anomalies. Hard-cores are protected by a Protective Belt Zone. The protective belt zone is made of some auxiliary hypotheses and preliminary conditions. Hard-cores are protected against some falsifications by those hypotheses in the Protective Belt Zone. Sometimes anomalies and counter-examples are accommodated within the Protective Belt. If the response of the Protective Zone to anomalies and counter-examples are proper, the scientific research program will be progressed. If not, the program regressed. Likewise, the Security Research Program will be progressed, when non-traditional security situations are explained by some auxiliary hypotheses provided the protective belt of the program. As a scientific research program, the Security Research Program(hereafter SRP) is composed of some hard-cores and a protective belt. Hard-cores of the SRP are both a state-centricity and a military centricity. More specifical1y, the main subject of the traditional security is the state, and the main means of security is the military. Since the formation of the modern world system, state has been a main actor in the international system. State has been using the military forces as a most useful method in pursuing state gains and state interests. The state-centricity and military-centricity in the security community was most strong during the Cold War period. The property of state and military centricity is closely related to the states outer sovereignty based upon territory. The challenges of sub-national and trans-national sovereignty in the post-Cold War era, mainly provided the advent of global governance, are associated with are new threat to traditional security program. To what degree and how much the advent of global governance will threat to the traditional security program depends upon the degree of collapse of hard-cores of the SRP. Unless the new challenge to the SRP destroys the state and military centricity of the SRP, the traditional security program will survive surrounded by the proactive belt. As the advent of global governance, the hard-cores of the SRP, the understanding of security as the absence of existential and military threats to the state emerging from another state, is under heavy fire from two directions. First, it has been stated that the state is not the correct, or at least not the single, subject of security. Social, ethnical, religious or otherwise cultural minorities (societal security), individuals with their basic needs (human security), or else the world community or humankind (global security), have been proposed as carriers of security needs of equal rights with states. Second, it has been emphasized that the exclusive attention devoted to the physical or political-military dimension of security of territorial entities is misplace,