现代汉语形义错配现象研究述评

A Review of Syntax-Semantics Mismatch in Modern Chinese

形义错配现象指的是句子中存在的形式上做定语，而语义上匹配的却是其他句法成分的现象，有的学者也称这类成分为伪定语或准定语。纵观以往对于形义错配现象的研究，学界在一些问题上取得了一定的共识。认为形义错配主要分为伪领属和伪名量两种类型；形义错配结构并非原型结构，而是由某种原型结构转换而来；形义错配结构中的NP2为无指性成分。此外，尚有一些问题并未形成共识。对于形义错配结构（伪领属）内部存不存在领属关系的问题，不同学者有不同的看法，有的学者认为形义错配结构内部NP1和NP2之间不存在领属关系，有的学者则持相反的观点；在形义错配结构的产生机制方面，不同学者的研究视角不同，研究视角相同的学者也存在具体观点的差异。文章分形义错配的定性、形义错配的语义特征和形义错配的产生机制三个方面对前人的研究进行了梳理，并简要归纳了当前研究中存在的问题。

Syntax-semantics mismatch refers to a phenomenon whereby a part of a sentence appears to be attributive in form, but is in fact semantically matched with other syntactic components. Throughout previous research on the phenomenon of syntax-semantics mismatch, there has been a certain consensus in the academic community on some issues. It is believed that the syntax-semantics mismatch structure can be mainly divided into two types: pseudo possession and pseudo nominal quantity. The syntax-semantics mismatch structure is not a prototype structure, but a transformation from a certain prototype structure. The NP2 in the syntax-semantics mismatch structure is an undirected component. In addition, there are still some issues in the academic community that have not reached consensus. Different scholars have different opinions on the issue of whether there is a possessive relationship within the syntax-semantics mismatch structure (pseudo possessive). Some scholars believe that there is no possessive relationship between NP1 and NP2 within the form meaning mismatch structure, while others hold the opposite view. In terms of the mechanism of the formation of the syntax-semantics mismatch structures, different scholars have different research perspectives, and scholars with the same research perspective also have specific differences in their viewpoints. The article reviews previous research from three aspects: the qualitative nature of the syntax-semantics mismatch structure, the semantic characteristics of the syntax-semantics mismatch structure, and the generation mechanism of the syntax-semantics mismatch structure. It also briefly summarizes the existing problems in current research.