문화영화의 제도화 과정

Institutionalization Process of Culture Films: Focused on change of film law and policy in 1960s - 70s

This article is to describe the institutionalization process of culturefilms based on the changes of film law in 1960s-70s. It is of a relativelyrecent trend to study non-fiction films, which is often represented asculture films, and to value them as important historical materials. So far,most articles have cited individual culture films or a group of culturefilms to describe the purpose of government policy or the map of ideology. However, those articles hardly provide answers to the question ‘What isa culture film?’ This is because the term ‘culture film’ covers films invarious categories and the term itself was invented for the sake of makingpolicies. Thus, this article focuses on the fact that the ambiguous andcollective concept ‘culture film’, which should have been divided intovarious categories such as documentary, enlightenment film, propagandafilm, education film, animation, etc., was able to survive until late 1990from Japanese colonial era due to institutional framework that was a partof the government policy. Therefore, the primary purpose of this article is to provide a base lineto understand the concept of culture film by examining how the culturefilm was defined, particularly based on the laws and policies in the1960s-70s. In addition, in order to understand that the concept of culture film was the result of continuous reconstruction, and not just a productsolely regulated according to the intentions of policy makers, severalexamples are presented that show those laws were also changed bymarket participators’ actions utilizing the niches between the laws. Thisarticle provides several implications for identifying the dynamics betweennot only government administration and films, but also governmentadministration and market, as well as for understanding the concept ofculture film in the era of Park Jung-hee regime.