독일 위생영화의 수용과 순응하는 식민지 주체 형성

Japan’s Acceptance of German's Sanitary Enlightenment Film and the Establishment of Dutiful Colonial-Subject

Bio-power about which Michel Foucault talks enables the discernment about how sanitation functions as power. After the Industrial Revolution, the necessity of population management was required as the labor force of human became important, and accordingly, Bio-power, which controlled the body in a cleaver method, while using force or not giving fear, appeared. The premise of bio-power was the knowledge for understanding human body and everything related to the body, in other words, the entire knowledge about the way of daily life that included not only the medical knowledge, but also the way of hygiene rules and residence. And knowledge enabled recreating human body so that it can be efficient economically and submit politically. Such Foucault’s theory is useful in analyzing the governing technique of Japan, which had strived to turn Joseon people’s bodies into the submissive colonial subjects through sanitary discussion and sanitary enlightenment film in the Japanese colonial era. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan actively accepted Germany’s modern studies such as medicine, bacteriology, anatomy, military science as well as sanitary concepts and sanitary policy. Moreover, Japan accepted a film genre called sanitary enlightenment film, which was introduced by the German government that produced and showed it for free in order to enlighten its people about the importance of sanitation, and showed it to the Japanese colony, Joseon. The Japanese authorities continually showed it to Joseon people during the colonial era for free. Unlike today’s assumption that the sanitary enlightenment film would be a boring documentary, it was more sensational than the movie played at a theater at that time. To the audience, who clapped and liked when they saw the scenes where the actors fell down while skating or scenes where a train or car passed by because they were marvelous, the sanitary enlightenment film showed how bacteria lived and moved in front of their eyes or showed the body of a foreign woman as well as the process of her giving birth. Such sanitary enlightenment film was a shock and sensation to the audience, and therefore, the screening place of sanitary enlightenment film was always a full house. On the other hand, the sanitary enlightenment film, which was popular among the Joseon people with the shocking and sensational contents, actualized Japan’s political intention for facilitating the colonial rule. The sanitary enlightenment film that was shown by the Japanese authorities prohibited the Joseon people from realizing the reality that Japan neglected the Joseon people’s residence to be unsanitary and dirty, thus exposing them to the danger of epidemic and disease. Also, it prevented them from realizing the poor reality that Japan paid no attention to the construction of medical facility or improvement of medical environment for the Joseon people. Also, the sanitary enlightenment film planted the image that Joseon was an inferior and uncivilized country, rampant with dirtiness and disease, to the Joseon audience and made Japan, which recognized the importance of sanitation and showed sanitary enlightenment film, look relatively modern and superior. Moreover, the Japanese authorities began the movement of catching flies instead of providing fundamental measures that could exterminate flies through sanitary public works such as establishing water and sewage, taking preventive measures, and digging streams. The Joseon people, who already knew that flies transmitted terrible diseases through the sanitary enlightenment film that had been shown, diligently carried out the movement of catching flies without complaints, taking it as a part of sanitary practice in daily life. Moreover, although numerous Joseon members who belonged to about a thousand sanitary associations, which were formed in the country for sanitation, had to provide the labor force as they were mobilized frequently for the improvement of wate