The form and aesthetic characteristics of Poyang drum's tunes and lyrics

The form and aesthetic characteristics of Poyang drum's tunes and lyrics

【背景】鄱阳大鼓流传于江西省鄱阳县一带，包括景德镇、乐平、上饶等地区的一种曲艺。于清同治年间,由安徽淮南人张昆山传入，距今已有160 年左右的历史。【目的】文章的目的在总结鄱阳大鼓的艺术特性和语言规律，探寻中国传统曲艺在腔词形态方面的一些共性与个性，使更多的音乐人能够以此为借鉴，更好地传承和弘扬中国传统曲艺文化。【方法】文章采用文献分析法，音乐形态分析结合语言学等研究法，分析鄱阳大鼓的唱词、唱腔、以及腔词的审美特征。【结果】鄱阳大鼓经传承发展，将方言，鄱阳民间小调，渔歌号子等融入大鼓说唱。其唱词基本句式可分为七句式、四句式，十字句等，并有丰富的衬词衬句；基本板式有平板、正板、快板、急板等。演唱中变化多端，唱成慢、急、散、垛等调式，全凭艺人的即兴演唱，灵活运用。鄱阳大鼓的唱词主要以叙事为主，以鄱阳话为基调，唱腔柔和、朴素，富有韵律感、节奏感以及音乐性。即兴性强，唱词格律不程式化。方言与唱腔紧密结合，加入了富有鄱阳特色的俚语和衬词。【结论】本文认为其是介于曲牌体和板腔体之间的一种混合型的艺术形态。

[Background] Poyang Drum is a kind of Chinese folk art forms that is popular in Poyang County, Jiangxi Province, including Jingdezhen, Leping, Shangrao areas of Jiangxi Province. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was introduced by Zhang Kunshan, a native of Huainan, Anhui Province, with a history of about 160 years. [Purpose] The purpose of this article is to summarize the artistic characteristics and language rules of Poyang Drum and explore some commonalities and personalities of Chinese folk art forms in the form of lyrics and tune, so that more musicians can use this as a reference and better inherit and promote Chinese folk art forms culture. [Method] This paper uses literature analysis, music form analysis combined with linguistics research methods to analyze Poyang Drum 's lyrics, tune, and the aesthetic characteristics of the lyrics. [Results] Poyang Drum through inheritance and development, dialect, Poyang folk tunes, fishing songs and so on into the integration. The basic sentence patterns of its lyrics can be divided into seven words sentence, four words sentence, ten words sentences, etc., and there are rich interlining words. The basic plate has allegro, Lento, adagio, rubato, etc. which are all performed by the artist's improvisation and flexible use. Poyang Drum 's lyrics are mainly narrated, with Poyang dialect as the keynote. The tune is soft and simple, full of rhythm and musicality. Strong impromptu, singing style is not stylized. The dialect is closely combined with the singing, adding the slang and contrast words rich in Poyang characteristics. [Conclusions] This paper holds that it is a mixed art form between the qupai and the plate cavity.