本文基于大规模汉语中介语语料库，综合考量词语混用的绝对频次和相对频度，筛选出混淆度排名靠前的27组同素单双音易混淆词，通过数据对比分析发现，同素单双音词语的混淆分布特征为：共通性强，同素单双音易混淆词基本上全为同词类混淆词语，其中动词多发生语体搭配误用，名词多发生韵律搭配误用和语体搭配误用，形容词多发生语义混用；双向误用的易混淆词占据绝对优势；同素单双音易混淆词的语义关系均较近。我们认为，一语标义词位的调节作用，以及汉语二语者心理词库中缺少词语的韵律信息和语体信息，是造成同素单双音词语混淆的主要原因。比较而言，词语的韵律混淆和语体混淆最难克服。
In modern Chinese, homomorphemic monosyllabic and disyllabic words are one of the very special groups of word clusters which are easily confused by Chinese as a second language learners. Previous studies have not comprehensively examined this confusion phenomenon, and there is a lack of relevant literature involving psychological analyses. Firstly, this article comprehensively surveys the Chinese Intermediate Language Corpus and identifies 27 groups of highly confusable words. Secondly, this article analyses the distribution characteristics of the homomorphemic monosyllabic and disyllabic words, finding strong commonality in the distribution of learners’ native language backgrounds, with overwhelming bidirectional misuse and close lexical-semantic relations. It also finds that verbs are mainly misused in stylistic collocations, and nouns are frequently misused in both prosodic and stylistic collocations, while adjectives are often misused in semantics. Besides, the article analyses the generative mechanism from the psychological perspective of Chinese as the second language learners. It argues that L1-lemma mediation and the lack of prosodic and stylistic information of words in the psychological lexicon of leaners are the main reasons for the confusion. This article argues that the semantic confusion of words is difficult to overcome, while prosodic and stylistic confusion are even more difficult to overcome. Last but not the least, the article offers targeted pedagogical suggestions.
1. 引言
2. 同素单双音易混淆词的确定及其整体混用情况
3. 二语者同素单双音词语的混淆特征分析
4. 同素单双音词语混淆的生成机制
5. 结语