영문법 학습에 있어서 타동사에 따르는 부정사/동명사의 결속구조

A Study on the Collocation of the Verb and Infinitive versus Gerund in English Education

This study, which is based on the verb + infinitive/gerund construction, begins with the following questions : (1) What are the semantic differences between the infinitive and gerund? (2) Do verbs have semantic differences regarding future-past dichotomy in consideration of the following grammatical features: the verb 'want' always takes the infinitive as its object, not the gerund, the verb 'enjoy' takes the gerund, not the infinitive, and the verbs 'forget,' 'like,' 'begin', and 'stop' take both the infinitive and the gerund? (3) If yes, how can the verbs which have certain future and past distinctions be compatible with infinitive and gerund? In Chapter 2, this study finds that semantic differences the future meaning in (1a) and the past meaning in (1b) comes from the difference in the morphemes 'to' (infinitive) in (1a) and '-ing' (gerund) in (1b). This observation indicates that the infinitive carries the future meaning, whereas the gerund carries the past meaning. In Chapter 3, this study analyzes many example sentences in which verbs have both infinitive and gerund as their object and concludes that want-class verbs have future-oriented meaning, enjoyclass verbs have past-oriented meaning, and forget-class and likeclass verbs have both future-oriented and past-oriented meanings. In Chapter 4, this study suggests that to meet the condition of meaning compatibility, want-class verbs, which are regarding as having future meaning, should take infinitive as their object, and enjoy-class verbs with past meaning should take the gerund as their object. However, forget-class, like-class, begin-class and stop-class, which have both future meaning and past meaning, can take as their object both the infinitive and gerund, since the future meaning is compatible only with future-oriented meaning and past meaning is compatible only with past-oriented meaning. The following are examples of the possible combinations of the verbs using both the infinitive and the gerund. (4a) He wants to smoke. (4b)*He wants smoking. (5a)*She enjoys to smoke. (5b) She enjoys smoking. (6a) I forgot to smoke. (6b) I forgot smoking. (7a) They like to smoke. (7b) They like smoking. (8a) He began to borrow money. (8b) He began borrowing money. (9a) She stopped to smoke. (9b) She stopped smoking. The difference in meaning between the infinitival sentence (5a) and the gerundial sentence (5b) of the verb 'forget' is strict, but the difference in meaning between the infinitival sentence (6a) and the gerundial sentence (6b)of the verb 'like' is vague. There is no meaning difference between (7a) and (7b). In (9), the difference in meaning between (a) and (b) is not based on the future-past dichotomy, so (9) is an exceptional case to this study.