马克思两种社会必要劳动时间的再思考

Rethinking on Marx’s Two Types Socially Necessary Labor Time

马克思在《资本论》中提出“社会必要劳动时间”概念，实现了对英国古典政治经济学中“必要劳动时间”这一概念的推进和飞跃。马克思两种社会必要劳动时间问题，在我国已经争论了几十年，众说纷纭、莫衷一是，但深入剖析马克思两种社会必要劳动时间就会发现，两种社会必要劳动时间是以唯物史观为基础对资本主义社会特定的历史条件下的生产力与生产关系之间辩证统一关系的反映，两者共同决定商品价值量。当今，距离马克思写作《资本论》已经过了将近150 年，世界经济发展全球化，社会形态发生了从“生产社会”向“消费社会”的转变，环境污染问题日益严重，社会必要劳动时间也产生了新的影响因素，需要进一步的分析和研究。

Marx proposed the concept of “socially necessary labor time” in Das Kapital, which promoted and leaped the concept of “necessary labor time” in classical British political economy. The issue of Marx’s two types of socially necessary labor time has been debated in China for decades, with various opinions and incongruities. However, a thorough analysis of Marx’s two types of socially necessary labor time reveals that they are a reflection of the dialectical unity between productive forces and production relations under specific historical conditions in capitalist society, based on the materialist view of history. Together, they determine the value of commodities. Today, nearly 150 years have passed since Marx wrote Das Kapital. With the globalization of the world economy, social forms have undergone a transformation from a “production society” to a “consumption society”. Environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, and the necessary labor time in society has also generated new influencing factors, which require further analysis and research.