지하디즘의 활동 영역과 글로벌 테러리즘의 전이

The Territory of Activities of Jihadism and the Transition of Global Terrorism: Focus on Maghreb, Sahel in Africa

9/11테러 이후 지하드 테러에 대한 각국의 대응이 강화되었으나, 중동과 남아시아에서 아프리카로의 테러리즘의 전이 현상이 나타났으며, 특히 마그레브, 사헬, 아프리카 뿔 지역은 지하드 ‘테러리즘의 산불’로 표현될 만큼 심각한 상황에 이르렀다. 이 논문에서는 TSCTP 회원국이 속해있는 지역에서의 테러 조직 생성과 그들 간 경쟁과 이합집산에 관해 살펴보고, 여기에 대응하는 관련국의 대테러 전략과 그 성과에 대해 고찰하였다. 테러리즘의 역동적 변화에 대응하기 위해서는 이전까지의 대테러 정책 시행에 대한 환류와 중장기적인 관점의 전략 수립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, each country's vigilance and response to the Salafi jihadist terrorist group were strengthened, but the results showed that it was a locational battle of terrorism. The transfer of terrorism from the Middle East and South Asia to Africa is not simply a transfer of terrorist organizations, but a transplant of IS's jihadist ideology. In particular, northern Africa, including the African Maghreb, the Sahel, and the Horn of Africa, is in a serious situation enough to be expressed as a 'forest fire of terrorism'. This paper examines the creation of terrorist organizations in the region to which TSCTP member states belong, conflicts and convergence between them, and considers the strategies and outcomes of related countries responding to them. Since the 2010s, the rapid globalization of jihadist terrorist groups has progressed. They are not in one country's territory, but are working to carry out terrorism across borders or to provide military and financial support to neighboring terrorist groups. In order to respond to the dynamic changes in terrorism, it is judged that feedback on the implementation of previous counterterrorism policies and mid- to long-term perspectives and strategies are needed.