신라 上·中代 禮部의 主司·屬司 구조와 운영방식

Structure and Operational Form of the Yebu’s Jusa and Soksa in Sangdae and Jungdae Period

본고는 신라의 主·屬司 구조와 운영방식을 규명하고자, 禮部·禮部 5署의 구조, 운영방식, 예부의 주요 업무를 唐 예부와 비교해 논의하였다. 漢 이래 吏曹 업무의 분화, 客曹의 위상 변화, 祠部의 확대가 진전되고, 隋 이후 ‘郞이 맡은 曹(部)’의 계통화가 진행되며 당의 예부가 성립하였다. 당의 예부는 本司 1개·屬司 3개로 구성되며, 4司의 규모는 비교적 균등하다. 禮部本司는 예의·공거 중 예의를 主務로 맡고, 尙書·侍郞은 3司를 직속하였다. 신라 예부는 규모가 불균등한 5署를 두었다. 신라 예부는 主司이나 屬司를 직속했다고 보기 어렵고, 중요 업무와 행정문서·사안의 결재권을 통해 5署를 운영하였다. 신라 예부는 예의·공거 중 공거를 主務로 맡고, 화랑·국학 등 신라 전 시기의 관인후보군을 장악하였다. 이로 인해 신라 예부는 신라 중앙행정제도에서 최상위 관청인 3部·府의 하나로 운영되었다.

The study aims to clarify structure and operational form of Jusa (主司) and Soksa (屬司) in Silla. Jusa means major government office with the right to indirectly control Soksa which is under direct control of Bonsa (本司). This paper thus attempts to examine structure and operational form of Yebu (禮部) and Yebu’s five Seo (署) in addition to Yebu’s main task by comparing with Yebu in Tang (唐). Since the Han (漢) dynasty, there had been work specialization of Yijo (吏曹), status change of Gaekjo (客曹)’s status, and extension of Sabu (祠部). In addition, systematization of “Jo(Bu) [曹(部)] managed by Rang (郞)” in Sui (隋) dynasty resulted in the establishment of Tang’s Yebu. It consists of one Bonsa and three Soksa whose power were relatively equal. The Bonsa, Yebusa (禮部本司), was in charge of Yeui (禮儀), which is overseeing national rituals and ceremonies, and Gonggeo (貢擧) that is an officeholder recommendation system. Among them Yeui was its main task. Bonsa’s Sangseo (尙書) and Sirang (侍郞) directly controlled other three Sa. Silla’s Yebu had five Seo which were not equal in size. Although Yebu corresponds with Jusa, it is hard to say that it directly controlled Soksa. However, Yebu operated five Seo through its major tasks as well as the right to approve administrative documents and affairs. Yebu was a governmental body whose main task was Gonggeo. Fourthermore it managed possible future officials belonging to Hwarang and Gukhak throughout the Silla period. For this reason, Yebu was one of three Bu (部) or Bu (府) with the highest rank in the Silla central administrative system.