在唐 백제 유민의 활동과 출세 배경

Baekje Survivors’ Activities in Tang China and the Background of Their Success

백제 멸망 후 당에 들어간 백제 유민들이 이름을 남길 수 있었던 배경은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 백제 멸망과 그 부흥운동 때 당나라에 적극 협력한 경우이다. 이들은 주로 장안, 낙양 등 수도에 살면서 기여한 공로를 인정받아 특혜를 받았다. 의자왕을 사로잡아 당군에게 바친 예씨 가문과 당군에 투항하여 백제를 멸망시키는데 기여한 진법자 가문이 대표적이다. 또한 백제 유민들을 회유하여 부흥세력을 약화시키거나 직접 토벌에 참여하여 항복시킨 부여융과 흑치상지, 사타상여와 같은 부류도 있다. 둘째, 웅진도독부에서 활동하며 당의 이익을 실현하는데 기여한 경우이다. 웅진도독으로 활동했던 부여융과 웅진도독부의 관료로 활동했던 흑치상지, 예식진, 난한과 난무 등이 있고, 왜와의 외교에 종사했던 법총과 사택손등 등이 있다. 셋째, 당에 들어가서 돌궐, 토번, 거란 등과의 전쟁에 참여해 군사적 능력을 발휘한 경우이다. 부여문선, 부여준과 같은 왕족의 후예들을 비롯해 흑치상지와 흑치준 부자, 예식진과 예군 후손들, 난원경과 사타충의, 사타리 등 귀족의 후예들은 모두 군사적 능력을 발휘하여 무장으로 출세했다. 넷째, 당 황실이나 유력한 귀족 가문과의 혼인을 통해 인맥을 쌓거나 정치적 파당에 적극적으로 참여하여 지위를 유지하고 보전한 경우이다. 백제 멸망 당시와 웅진도독부에서 세운 공으로 당에서 출세한 이들은 백제에서 성장한 유민 1세대였다. 당나라에서 군사적인 능력을 발휘해 무장으로 출세한 이들은 백제 유민 1세대뿐만 아니라, 2~3세대 후손들도 있었다. 백제 유민들이 당에 들어와 지위를 유지하기 위한 노력은 계속되었고, 그런 노력의 결과가 문헌과 묘지명 등의 기록에 남아 전하는 계기가 되었다.

This paper examines the activities of Baekje People who went to Tang after the collapse of the Baekje Kingdom in 660 AD and the background they were able to leave their name behind in Tang. Its results are as follows. First, it is the case of Baekje people who actively cooperated with the Tang Dynasty during the fall of Baekje and its restoration movement. In recognition of their contribution, they lived in the capital cities of Tang such as Changan and Luoyang and received preferential treatment. The examples are the Ye clan that captured the King Uija and dedicated him to the Tang army, and the Jinbeopja clan that contributed to the collapse of Baekje by surrender to the Tang army. There were some people who have weakened them by conciliating the revival forces. Buyeo Yung, Heukchi Sangji, and Sata Sangyeo made the forces surrender by defeating them. Second, it is the case of the people of Baekje who served in the Ungjin Dodokbu, or Ungjin Commandery, which was a Tang Chinese government office for ruling the former Baekje area after the fall of Baekje, and cooperated with the Tang Dynasty. There are also Buyeo Yung who served as the commander of Ungjin Dodokbu, and Heukchi Sangji, Ye Shikjin, Nanhan and Nanmu who served as officials of the Dodokbu, and Beop Chong and Sataek Sondeung who engaged in diplomacy with Japan. Third, it is the case of the Baekje survivors who went to Tang and rendered outstanding military services by participating in the war against Turk, Tufan, and Khitan: Buyeo Munseon and Buyeo Jun who were descended from the royal family of Baekje ; Baekje nobles and their descendants such as Heukchi Sangji, and his son Heukchi Jun and descendants of Ye Shikjin, Ye Gun, and Nan Wongyeong, Sata Chungui, and Sata Li. They succeeded as a military general by demonstrating their military capabilities. Fourth, it is the case that Baekje people who maintained and preserved their status in the Tang Dynasty by building personal connections through marriage to the imperial family of Tang or the powerful noble family of Tang, or by actively participating in political factions. People who got success in Tang due to the contributions they made for the collapse of Baekje and in the Ungjin Dodokbu were the first generation of Baekje survivors who grew up in Baekje. And those who succeeded as military generals by demonstrating military capabilities are not only the first generation of Baekje people but also the second to third-generation descendants. They tried to maintain their status in Tang, and the results of the efforts remain in the records of literature and epitaph tablets.