试论唐墓壁画中侍女所持“丁”字形杖的用途

On the Function of Stick in the Shape of Chinese Character “丁” in the Tang Dynasty Mural Paintings

在初唐至高宗·武周时期, 统治者上层鉴赏书画成风. 当时书画的立轴, 称为障(包括画障·图障·软障等). 统治者上层在鉴赏立轴(挂轴)书画时, 其展示方式最少有三种：一是让人用“丁”字形障竿或鸦叉(丫叉)悬挑立轴书画直接展示；二是在曲江盛会或贵族的宴会上, 以“丁”字形障竿或鸦叉悬挑立轴书画挂于架子上来展示；三是让侍女用“丁”字形障竿或鸦叉把书画立轴悬挑起来挂在庑殿的横梁上来展示, 这在公主墓或高等级墓壁画中多有反映.

From the early Tang Dynasty to Emperor Gaozong and Emperor Wu zetian’s reign time, appreciation of calligraphy and painting was so popular among the upper class in power.During that time, the vertical shaft of calligraphy and painting was called “Zhang”(including paingting zhang, picture zhang, soft zhang etc.).When the upper class in power was appreciating the calligraphy and painting with vertical shaft, three display methods were used. First, Zhang (in the shape of Chinese character “丁”)and fork (in the shape of Chinese character “丫”)were used to hang the calligraphy and painting with vertical shaft. Second, in the Qujiang gala or banquet of aristocrats, calligraphy and painting with vertical shaft were hanged on a shelf by Zhang (in the shape of Chinese character “丁”)and fork (in the shape of Chinese character “丫”). Third, the maidservants used the Zhang (in the shape of Chinese character “丁”) and fork (in the shape of Chinese character “丫”) to hang the vertical shaft of calligraphy and painting to the crossbeam of the hip roof, which was reflected in the tomb of princess or high level.