武寧王妃 은팔찌 銘文의 再檢討

Review of the Inscription Carved on the Silver Bracelets of the Queen Muryeong(武寧王妃)

1972년에 발굴된 무령왕릉은 왕과 왕비의 합장릉으로, 왕의 오른쪽에 묻힌 왕비가 왼손에 찬 은팔찌 한 쌍에는 똑같은 내용을 담은 글이 17자씩 새겨져 있었다. 발굴보고서에서는 이를 “庚子年二月多利作大夫人分二百卅主耳”로 판독하였으며, 앞의 8자를 경자년(520) 2월에 多利가 만들었다고 하였다. 특히 팔찌를 만든 ‘다리’는 일본 法隆寺釋迦三尊像光背명문에 보이는 불상을 만든 ‘止利(とり)’와 상통하며 ‘지리’는 ‘다리’가 속하던 백제의 工匠집안에서 갈려 나왔을 것이라고 하였다. 이후 연구자들은 ‘다리’를 큰 의심 없이 백제의 장인 이름으로 이해하였으며, 연구를 통해 ‘主’는 ‘銖’와 같은 무게의 단위이거나 ‘炷’와 같은 수량의 단위일 것으로 추정하여 대체로 “경자년에 多利가 만들었으며, 大夫人것으로 230主가 사용되었다.”고 풀이하였다. 그러나 은팔찌에 보이는 ‘다리’와 일본의 ‘지리’라는 인물 사이에는 100년 이상 연대 차이가 있는 데다가, 渡來人지리의 선대를 살펴보아도 지리나 다리를 인명에 사용한 예가 없었다. 시공을 무시하고 단지 양자의 음이 비슷하다는 이유로, 이를 이름으로 추정한 것은 온당하지 않다. 게다가 ‘卅’으로 보았던 것은 ‘世’로 보아야 하고, ‘分’으로 읽은 글자는 두 팔찌에 새겨진 글자가 사뭇 달라 ‘兮’, ‘於’, ‘永’ 등으로도 읽을 수 있었다. 이에 따라 전체적인 문장을 다시 대입하여 분석하고 삼국시대 木簡등을 살펴 “庚子年二月. 多利作大夫人, 永二百世主耳.”로 읽고 문장을 분절하여야 한다는 점을 확인하였다. 무령왕비를 ‘다리작 대부인’으로 일컬었다고 보아야 하며, ‘永二’의 ‘二’를 疊字부호 ‘ ’로 보아 ‘永永’이라고 보았다. 그리하여 이를 “경자년 2월에 만들었다. 다리작 대부인이 영원토록 백세의 소유주이실 뿐입니다.”라고 번역할 수 있었으며, 이는 팔찌의 주인 무령왕비를 祝壽하는 것이라는 점을 알 수 있었다.

The same seventeen characters were inscribed on a pair of sliver bracelets worn on the left hand of the Queen buried on the right side of the King in the Tomb of King Muryeong, which were discovered in 1971. According to the excavation reports at that time, the full characters were read as “Kyung Ja Nyeun Yi Wael Da Ri Jak Dae Bu In Bun Yi Baek Sab Ju Yi (庚子年二月多利作大夫人分二百卅主耳)”. The former eight characters were translated into the bracelet was produced (作) by Dari (多利) in February (二月) of the Year of Kyungja (庚子年, 520 CE). Particularly, the person ‘Dari’ believed as the producer of the bracelets was considered to have something in common with ‘Jiri’ (止利: とり) whose characters were inscribed as the producer on the back of the Buddha Triad statue (釋迦三尊像) in Horyu-ji (法隆寺) in Japan. It has been assumed that Jiri was descended from the family of artisan during Baekje period which Dari belonged to. Due to the translation based on the excavation reports, the Dari has been understood undoubtedly as the name of an artisan in Baekje. It was also translated by subsequent studies that ‘Ju (主)’ should mean either a unit of weight equivalent to ‘Su (銖)’ or a unit of quantity equivalent to ‘Ju (炷)’. Consequently, overall meaning of the seventeen characters has been translated into “The bracelet was produced by Dari in the year of Kyungja, owned by Daebuin and made from 230 Ju (主) of sliver.”However, there is over one hundred years time discrepancy between ‘Dari’ written on the bracelets and ‘Jiri’ from Japan. Furthermore according to the study into the predecessors of ‘Toraijin (渡來人)’ Jiri, neither Jiri nor Dari had been used ever for a name of person. It could be fallible therefore to explore a person’s identity merely with a name pronounced similarly neglecting space-time. Additionally, it seems to be more reasonable that ‘Sab (卅)’ should be read as ‘Sae (世)’. Since the character understood as ‘Bun (分)’ is considerably different from the carved character on the bracelets, it could be read as either ‘Hae (兮)’, ‘Oh (於)’ or ‘Young (永)’. Based on the analyses of the full sentence employing ancient documentary records ‘Inscribed Wooden Slip (木簡)’ in the period of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, it is suggested that the seventeen characters should be deciphered and articulated as “Kyung Ja Nyun Yi Wal. Da Ri Jak Dae Bu In, Young Young Baek Sae Ju Yi. [庚子年二月. 多利作大夫人, 永百世主耳.]”. Hence, it is considered that the Queen of Muryeong seems to be addressed as ‘Darijak Daebuin’. ‘Youngyoung (永)’ should be Youngyi (永二)’ because the ‘Yi (二)’ can be considered as the symbol standing for reiterative. Consequently, the full seventeen characters should be translated into “The bracelet was produced in February of the year Kyungja. Darijak Daebuin is the owener of Baek Sae forever, which may imply pray for the live long of the Queen of Muryeong.