통일신라시대의 토기 생산과 공급 시론

A Study on Production and Supply of Earthenwares in the Unified Shilla Era: A Comparison of Earthenwares excavated from Production Ruin Site of Hwakok-ri and Consumption Ruin Sites of Worl-ji and Donggung-ji

통일신라시대 왕경은 거대한 소비도시로서 많은 수량의 토기를 소비하였고, 왕경 주위의 산록에는 왕경인의 생활을 지탱하는데 필요한 물품의 하나인 토기를 생산하는 생산시설이 배치·운영되었다. 토기 생산시설인 화곡리 생산유적과 소비유적인 월지와 동궁지 출토품을 대상으로 9세기의 토기 생산과 공급 관계의 시론적인 검토를 하였다. 화곡리 생산유적 생산품과 소비지인 월지와 동궁지 출토품을 비교한 결과, 형태와 문양 종류 및 배치 등에서 유사한 개체가 존재하여 일부 토기들은 화곡리 생산유적에서 공급되었을 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 화곡리 생산유적에서 출토한 기종 중에서 월지와 동궁지에서 출토한 사례가 없거나 소비지인 월지와 동궁지에서 출토되었지만, 화곡리 생산유적에서는 출토하지 않는 기종(또는 기형)도 확인되어 화곡리 생산유적에서 왕궁에 독점적으로 공급되지 않고, 다양한 생산지로부터 공급되었을 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 화곡리 생산유적과 월지 및 동궁지 출토 토기의 공급관계를 통해 보았을 때, 통일신라시대 토기의 생산과 공급관계는 다양한 방식으로 이루어졌을 것으로 유추할 수 있었다.

The royal capital in the Unified Shilla era was a city with huge consumption, consuming a tremendously number of earthenwares, and in the forests around the royal capital, there were production facilities to supply commodities to sustain lives of people in the royal capital. Hwakok-ri ruin site is one of main production ruins where earthenwares were manufactured in the Unified Shilla era, and the earthenwares produced there were supplied to buddhist abbeys and individual households including royal palaces such as Worl-ji and Donggung-ji in the royal capital. And some of them were confirmed with possibility to be supplied to even rural areas. As a result of comparison between products from Hwakok-ri ruin site and relics excavated from Worl-ji and Donggung-ji, consumption places, in spite of possibility of supply from Hwakok-ri because of similar items in shape, patterns, and arrangement. some types of earthenwares excavated from Hwakok-ri were never found in Worl-ji nor Donggung-ji and there were items found in consumption places, Worl-ji and Donggung-ji but not in Hwakok-ri. Therefore, it was confirmed with the possibility that earthenwares for the consumption places were not exclusively supplied from a specific workshops but from various productions. Through comparison between Hwakok-ri ruin site and Worl-ji and Donggung－ji, it was presumed that the relation between production and supply in the Unified Shilla era was done in various ways. And for more specific discussions are expected to be done through the future investigations on the production ruin sites of earthenwares.