근대 한일 어휘 대응 양상에 관한 일고찰

A Study of Corresponding Patterns between Modern Korean and Japanese Vocabularies: Based on a Modern Word-Aligned Parallel Corpus

本稿は近代日韓の語彙の相違点と類似点を探るための一連の研究の一つ であり、筆者が構築した単語レベルのパラレルコーパスを資料に日韓における語彙の対応類型の一面を探索的に考察したものである。本稿では日本語の2つ以上の形態素に韓国語の1形態素の対応に焦点を当てて対応類型について分析した。 まず韓国語に対応される日本語のa)2つ以上の形態素の対応には語(派生 語、複合語)レベルよりは句レベルの対応が多く、b)句レベルの対応には否定表現、連用修飾、連体修飾、目的語-述語関係の表現の順に多い。 次に韓国語のc)2字漢語に対応される表現には、特に連用修飾の‘副詞+動詞/形容詞’が多く、高い比率で同じ品詞構成のADV/ADAの漢語に、それから同じ漢字に表記として対応している。d)連体修飾表現には‘名詞+名詞’がNNの構造に、‘目的語-述語’の表現は中国語の統語構造にしたがってVNの構造の漢語に対応する。

This article explores the corresponding types of modern Korean and Japanese vocabulary based on a word-aligned parallel corpus, established by the present author, as part of a series of studies to observe differences and similarities between modern Korean and Japanese vocabulary. This article focused on and analyzed the corresponding types of single Korean words to Japanese phrases, and found the following results: Regarding Japanese words corresponding the Korean ones, this study found that (a) there were more correspondences at the phrase level than at the word (derivative and compound words) level among the correspondences of two or more morphemes, and (b) the correspondences at the phrase level were in the order of negative expressions, infinitive-derived modifiers, adnominal modifiers, objectives, and predicates. Then, (c) there were many ‘adverb + verb/adjective’ infinitive-derived modifiers among expressions corresponding to two-syllable Chinese characters in Korean, and a high percentage of them corresponded to ADV/ADA, the same part of speech, and the same Chinese characters, and (d) ‘noun + noun’ expressions corresponded to NN, while ‘objective + predicate’ expressions corresponded to VN in Chinese characters, consistent with the common language structure of Chinese.