俞大猷的人际关系与明代文武格局

Yu Dayou’s Interpersonal Relations and the Civil Officer and Military Officer Patterns of the Ming Dynasty: Centered on His Two Convictions

明代抗倭名将俞大猷在其四十余年的仕途中经历过多次论罪、起复。在嘉靖三十四年（1555）和嘉靖三十八年（1559）的两次论罪中，俞大猷不仅被夺职，而且还有性命之忧，但最终都度过了危机，被免除死罪，并得到了起复。虽然这两次论罪的时间、程度和过程不同，但其起因都与当时的朝政格局相关，而朝臣营救俞大猷的过程，则十分典型的体现出俞大猷的官场人际关系。其官场人脉则与当时“以文制武”的社会形势分不开关系，此时的武官相较于文臣，其权力和地位都比较弱势。在这种背景下，许多武官都结交文臣作为奥援，俞大猷也不例外。这深刻折射出了明代中后期的文武格局与文武关系。

Yu Dayou, a famous anti-Japanese general in the Ming Dynasty, experienced multiple convictions and restore position during his more than forty year career. In the two convictions of the 34th year of the Jiajing reign (1555) and the 38th year of the Jiajing reign (1559), Yu Dayou was not only stripped of his position but also worried about his life. However, in the end, he overcame the crisis, was exempted from capital punishment, and was restored position. Although the time, degree, and process of these two convictions were different, their causes were both related to the political situation at that time, and the process of ministers rescuing Yu Dayou was a typical reflection of Yu Dayou’s interpersonal relationships in the officialdom. His connections in the officialdom were closely related to the social situation of “appointing civil officers to control and restrain military officers” at that time. At this time, military officers were relatively weaker in power and status compared to civil officers. In this context, many military officers made friends with civil officers as aid, and Yu Dayou was no exception. This deeply reflects the civil and military pattern and relationship in the mid to late Ming Dynasty.