Difference between Quantitative Electroencephalography, Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potential, and Mismatch Negativity between a Manic and a Depressive Episode in a Single Bipolar Patient with Mixed Features

Difference between Quantitative Electroencephalography, Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potential, and Mismatch Negativity between a Manic and a Depressive Episode in a Single Bipolar Patient with Mixed Features

This study compares the changes in Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), and mismatch negativity (MMN) in the case of bipolar depression, mania, and euthymia in a single patient. the characteristic of QEEG in this patient with mixed depression was an increase in alpha; in mixed mania, there was little increase in alpha, and the decrease in delta, theta, and beta was noticeable. LDAEP increased more in the manic phase than in the depressive phase. In contrast, MMN decreased more in the manic than in the depressive phase. After remission of mania, QEEG, LDAEP, and MMN were re-measured. Compared with the manic phase, the decrease in delta, theta, and beta bands in the occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes improved significantly. The LDAEP decreased from LDAEP 1.67 to 0.97. However, in spite of the euthymic phase, MMN amplitude showed a further decrease, from −1.7 to −0.9. In conclusion, using QEEG, LDAEP, and MMN can help clinicians predict a patient’s bipolar state and evaluate serotonin intensity and cognitive function, enabling customized treatment. However, there are still few consistent research results; therefore, there is a need to utilize a larger sample size.