Four Famous Dans of Peking Opera: An Analysis of the Sound Forms in the Performance of Zhang Junqiu and His Inheritors

Four Famous Dans of Peking Opera: An Analysis of the Sound Forms in the Performance of Zhang Junqiu and His Inheritors

[Background] Zhang Junqiu is a famous performer of Peking Opera dan roles in China, with a beautiful, elegant, and relaxed voice. The two important inheritors of Zhang Junqiu's singing art, Zhao Xiujun and Wang Runjing, also have different voices in their performances. [Objective] To analyze the vocal forms of the three singers in order to objectively understand their voices. [Method] The study adopted the research method of music acoustics and used the method of sound measurement. [Results] Firstly, in terms of pitch. Zhang Junqiu's singing tone is higher than that of Zhao Xiujun and Wang Runjing. Secondly, in terms of timing. The performances of Zhao Xiujun and Wang Runjing are generally longer and slower than those of Zhang Junqiu. Thirdly, in terms of volume. Zhao Xiujun sang with a loud volume, much larger than Zhang Junqiu and Wang Runjing. Wang Runjing is slightly louder than Zhang Junqiu, but the difference is small. Fourthly, in terms of timbre. The tones of the three are all round, full, and bright. Wang Runjing has the most rounded, full, and bright tone among the three, with Zhao Xiujun in the middle and Zhang Junqiu at the end. [Conclusion] Zhang Junqiu's singing voice is beautiful, relaxed, and elegant, with a unique charm. Zhao Xiujun, the inheritor, sang with a bright, full, loud volume, and slightly resonant voice. The voice of inheritor Wang Runjing during her singing is full, slightly louder, and resonates strongly. From the perspective of inheriting the singing art of Zhang Junqiu's Dan role, inheritors should not deliberately “display” their vocal conditions and technical abilities during singing.

【背景】张君秋是我国著名的京剧旦角表演艺术家，其嗓音优美、飘逸、松弛。张君秋演唱艺术的两位重要传承人——赵秀君、王润菁演唱中的声音也各异。【目的】现对三人演唱中的声音形态分析，以期客观的了解其声音。【方法】研究采用了音乐声学的研究方法，使用了测音的方式。【结果】第一，音高方面。张君秋演唱时的音调要高于赵秀君与王润菁。第二，时值方面。赵秀君与王润菁的演唱整体上较之张君秋的演唱时值要长、速度要慢。第三，音量方面。赵秀君演唱时的音量较大，且大于张君秋与王润菁很多。王润菁比张君秋音量稍大一些，但相差较小。第四，音色方面。三者的音色均圆润、饱满、明亮。王润菁是三者中音色最为圆润、饱满、明亮的，赵秀君居中，张君秋最末等。【结论】张君秋演唱中的声音唯美、松弛、飘逸，独具魅力。传承者赵秀君演唱中的声音明亮、饱满、音量较大、共鸣稍大。传承者王润菁演唱中的声音饱满、音量稍大、共鸣较强。从对张君秋旦角演唱艺术传承的角度来讲，传承者们在演唱中不要刻意“显示”自己的嗓音条件、技术能力。