1인 노인가구의 우울 유형과 삶의 만족과의 관계

Relationship between Depression Types and Life Satisfaction in Single-person Elderly Households

본 연구의 목적은 1인 노인가구의 우울 유형을 분류하고 이에 영향을 미치는 노인의 개인특성과 음주와 흡연 및 사회적 관계 등의 예측 변인을 분석한 후 우울 유형과 예측변인이 삶의 만족에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 규명하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 ｢고령화연구패널조사｣ 8차(2020년) 데이터를 활용하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 1인 노인가구의 우울 유형은 ‘저우울집단’(56.6%), ‘중간우울집단’(35.3%), ‘고우울집단’(8.1%)으로 분류되었다. 둘째, 우울의 하위요인 중 ‘우울감정’, ‘대인관계’,‘신체행동’ 요인은 ‘저우울집단’<‘중간우울집단’<‘고우울집단’ 순으로 높게 나타났고, 긍정감정은‘고우울집단’<‘중간우울집단’<‘저우울집단’ 순으로 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 긍정적인 우울 하위요인인 긍정감정은 ‘저우울집단’에서 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 셋째, ‘고우울집단’을 준거집단으로설정하고 ‘저우울집단’을 비교집단으로 하였을 때, 건강상태가 좋을수록, 친한사람과의 만남이 있을수록 ‘고우울집단’보다는 ‘저우울집단’에 속할 확률이 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 1인 노인가구의 경제상태가 좋을수록, 건강상태가 양호할수록, 친한사람과의 만남이 있을수록 삶의 만족에 정(+)적인 영향을 미쳤고, ‘저우울집단’ 비교해 ‘중간우울집단’과 ‘고우울집단’에 속할수록 삶의 만족에 부(-)적인영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 정책적·실천적 함의를 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of depression in single-personelderly households, analyze the personal characteristics of the elderly and predictive variablessuch as drinking, smoking, and social relationships that affect this, and then determine howthe types of depression and predictors affect life satisfaction. For this purpose, data from the 8th (2020) KLoSA Research Panel Survey was used. As a result of the analysis, first, thedepression types of single-person elderly households were classified into ‘low depressiongroup’ (56.6%), ‘moderate depression group’ (35.3%), and ‘high depression group’ (8.1%). Second, among the sub-factors of depression, the factors ‘depressed feelings’, ‘interpersonalrelationships’, and ‘physical behavior’ were high in the order of ‘low depression group’ <‘moderate depression group’ < ‘high depression group’, and positive emotions were ‘highdepression group’. It was significantly higher in the order of ‘highly depressed group’ <‘moderately depressed group’ < ‘lowly depressed group’. Positive emotions, a positivedepression subfactor, were significantly higher in the ‘low depression group’. Third, when the‘highly depressed group’ is set as the reference group and the ‘low depressed group’ is thecomparison group, the better the health status and the more encounters with close people, the‘low depressed group’ rather than the ‘highly depressed group’. There was a high probabilityof belonging to. Fourth, It was analyzed that the better the economic status of single elderlyhouseholds, the better their health, and the more they met with close people, the morepositive (+) they had on life satisfaction, and the more they belonged to the “middledepression group” and “high depression group” had a negative (-) effect on life satisfactioncompared to the “low depression group”. Based on these analysis results, policy and practicalimplications were presented.