천연섬유 열가소성 복합재료 제조 및 특성 연구

A Study of the Manufacturing and Properties of Natural Fiber Thermoplastic Composites

본 연구에서는 보강재로 천연섬유인 황마(Jute)와 케나프(Kenaf)를 적용하고 기지재로 열가소성 수지인 폴리프로 필렌(PP)과 고밀도폴리에틸렌(HDPE)를 적용하여 천연섬유 열가소성 복합재료를 제조하였다. 천연섬유와 열가소성 수지의 계면활성화를 위해 천연섬유의 표면처리를 진행하였다. 핫프레스 공정을 적용하고자 열가소성 수지의 시차 주사 열량계(DSC)분석을 실시하였고 핫프레스 공정 조건에 따른 변화를 관찰하였다. Jute를 적용한 복합재료와 Kenaf를 적용한 복합재료의 인장강도, 굽힘강도, 수분 흡수율을 비교 분석하여 소형 선박 소재로 사용되는 유리섬유 복합재료의 대체가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 선박의 데크(Deck)에도 적용하기 위해 천연섬유 복합재료에 폴리염화비닐 폼(PVC foam)을 적용하여 샌드위치 구조 복합재료를 제조 및 분석하였다.

In this study, a natural fiber thermoplastic composite material was prepared by applying the natural fibers jute and kenaf as reinforcement materials and polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which are thermoplastic resins, as matrix materials. The natural fibers were surface-treated to activate the interface between them and the thermoplastic resins. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the thermoplastic resins was performed to apply the hot-pressing process, and changes in hot-pressing process conditions were observed. The tensile and bending strengths as well as moisture absorption rate of the composite materials to which jute and kenaf were applied were compared and analyzed to confirm the possibility of replacing the glass fiber composite with the natural fiber composite for use as a small-ship material. In addition, for application to ship decks, a sandwich-structured composite material was manufactured and analyzed by applying polyvinyl chloride foam to the natural fiber composite material.