Birth, Understanding and Transcendence: An Exploration of Marxist Atheist Thought Based on Critical Philosophy of Religion

Birth, Understanding and Transcendence: An Exploration of Marxist Atheist Thought Based on Critical Philosophy of Religion

Marx and Engels did not leave behind any systematic writings dedicated to atheism, but in the process of constructing the theoretical system of Marxism, their critique of religion and atheistic ideas have permeated their writings in many fields, such as philosophy, political science, economics and sociology. Marxist atheist thought arose from the criticism of religion, during which Marx and Engels experienced a leap from the idea of ‘God’ to ‘Godlessness’, and then to the idea of ‘Godlessness’ which originated from the concerns of the real world, and finally formed the idea of ‘Godlessness’, which is the basis of Marxism’s theoretical system. The idea of ‘no god’ originated from the concern of the real world, and finally formed the scientific atheism of Marxism based on historical materialism. From the perspective of scientific atheism, religion is essentially a product of human self-alienation, which alienates human beings from their own essential characteristics, alienates them from their own real life, and alienates them from each other and from those outside their faith. Scientific atheism breaks through the religious shackles and provides a new worldview and methodology for human beings to understand the world and transform the world from multiple dimensions such as the origin of the world, the laws of history, the attitude towards the world, and the way of thinking. As an integral part of the Marxist worldview, scientific atheism coexists with the whole Marxist theoretical system, and also provides a unique perspective and methodology for the correct understanding and handling of religious issues.

马克思和恩格斯并未留下专门针对无神论的系统著作，但在马克思主义理论体系的构建过程中，其宗教批判和无神思想却贯穿了他们在哲学、政治学、经济学和社会学等多领域的著述之中。马克思主义无神论思想在批判宗教中产生，其间马克思和恩格斯的思想经历了从“有神”到“无神”的思想跃迁，再到源自现实世界关注的“无神”思想，最终形成了马克思主义基于历史唯物主义的科学无神论。从科学无神论的角度来看，宗教本质上是人类自我异化产物，它使人从自己的本质特征中疏离、从自己的现实生活中疏离、使人与信仰之外的人相互疏离。科学无神论突破了宗教桎梏，从世界本源、历史规律、处世态度、思维方式等多个维度为人类认识世界和改造世界提供了新的世界观和方法论。作为马克思主义世界观的有机组成部分，科学无神论与整个马克思主义理论体系同生共存，也为正确认识和处理宗教问题提供了一种独特视角和方法。