“上帝之扫帚”抑或“绝对之铁骑”

“God’s Broom” or “the Iron Horse of the Absolute”?：On the Mongolian Principle in Hegel’s Philosophy of Spirit

Hegel’s concept of the nation is the rational being of his philosophy of spirit, and the national spirit is the absolute point of connection between the subjective spirit, the objective spirit, and the absolute spirit. In contrast to the establishment of individual sovereign states in the internal state law, the national spirit is the potential individual of the objective spirit leading to the representation of the world spirit on the basis of the external state law as well as the world history (law), but the Hegelian philosophy took a long time to reach this theoretical construction. The principles formed by the Mongolian nation represent the substantive principles of the Eastern nation-state, which is one of the necessary links of the world history into the world spirit. The Mongolian principles were perfected in the natural provisions of the subjective spirit, in the ethical provisions of the objective spirit, and in the religious provisions of the absolute spirit. For Hegel, the national spirit conveys his new moulding of the spiritual community, and the Mongolian principle embodies the original reality of the free spirit.

黑格尔的民族概念是其精神哲学的理性存在者，民族精神是联结主观精神、客观精神以及绝对精神的绝对直通点。相较于内部国家法中单个主权国家的建立，民族精神是客观精神依据外部国家法以及世界历史（法）通往世界精神代表的潜在个体，然而黑格尔哲学达成这一理论建构却经历了漫长的过程。蒙古民族精神代表了东方民族国家的实体性原则，并作为世界历史进入世界（普遍）精神的必经环节之一。黑格尔阐述的蒙古原则在主观精神中的自然规定、客观精神中的伦理规定以及绝对精神中的宗教规定中得以系统性建构起来。对于黑格尔而言，民族精神传达了主权国家在世界历史中个体性原则的精神重塑，蒙古原则体现了自由精神的原初实在。