体育赛事节目从宽划定模式保护路径研究

Research on the Protection Path of Sports Event Programs with a Lenient Delimitation Mode

There is a difficulty in defining the nature of live streaming sports events. The underlying logic for defining the nature of sports event live streaming images lies in the determination of originality. However,the complexity and variability of real-life problems can easily create a strong contrast between the clarity of metaphysical abstract concepts and the ambiguity of metaphysical concrete problems, adding many variables and challenges to the implementation of copyright law. Original legal standards are inherently elastic,although they can be clearly distinguished in abstract concepts and academic principles. However, in specific application scenarios of complex facts， there is often no absolute objective clear boundary, with a subjective color. Through the analysis of the current protection path of the live broadcast pictures of sports events in China,the author finds that whether protection and relief are carried out through the receiving right or the path of anti-unfair competition, it will inevitably cause irreparable economic losses, which is not conducive to the protection of obliges. The protection of the live broadcast pictures of sports events should return to the copyright itself, and it is envisaged to use Alexis’s lenient delimitation model for the definition of the scope of protection of basic rights in the Constitution to apply to the definition of the nature of the live broadcast pictures of sports events. In principle, the live broadcast pictures of sports events should be identified as audio-visual works, and then be restricted through corresponding measures, in order to truly achieve a real balance between the interests.

在体育赛事节目的性质界定中，存在性质界定之难题。体育赛事节目性质界定的底层逻辑在于对于独创性的判定，然而现实问题复杂多变，具体问题与抽象概念之间极易形成形而上下的反差，这为著作权法的实施带来了许多挑战。虽然在抽象概念和学理之间可以明确区分，但在复杂事实的具体应用中，经常没有绝对客观的界限，主观色彩较为浓厚。就体育赛事节目的保护路径而言，笔者发现不论是通过领接权或是反不正当竞争的路径进行保护与救济，将对权利人带来较大的经济损失，不利于权利人的保护。回归著作权本身是保护体育赛事节目的应有之义，并设想借用阿列克西对基本权利保护范围界定的从宽划定模式，适用在体育赛事节目的性质界定中，原则上认定体育赛事节目系视听作品，再通过相应的措施予以限制保护，以期真正实现各方利益间真正的平衡。