알츠하이머병치매 조기진단 관련 별세포의 역할

The Role of Astrocyte Related to Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

Astrocyte occupies 20%-40% of all glial cells in human central nervous system (CNS) and is important regulator of CNS inflammatory response. Astrocytes are responsible for controlling neuronal and synaptic homeostasis and playing a critical role in the maintenance of redox status. Reactive astrogliosis, astrocyte remodeling, clasmatodendrosis, and paralysis are related to Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD). Various astrocyte biomarkers in AD have been applied. Regarding positron emission tomography imaging, radioisotopes such as [11C]-deuterium-L-deprenyl, [18F]-(S)-(2-methylpyrid-5-yl)-6-[(3-fluoro-2-hydroxy)propoxy]quinoline, [11C]-(2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-indole) have been proposed for surrogate markers of astrogliosis. There is also now a steadily growing interest in GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and S100 as cerebrospinal fluid and blood markers. In the future, early intervention related to reactive astrogliosis would make a clue for the early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.