조손가정의 형성원인과 양육경험에 따른 조모의 생활만족도에 관한 연구

A Study on the Formation Process of Grandparents-grandchildren Families, Raising Experiences, and Life Satisfaction of Grandmothers

본 연구는 조손가정의 형성원인과 손자녀 양육경험에 따른 조모의 생활만족도에 어떠한 차이가 있는가를 알아보고자 한다. 특히 양육자의 관심, 시간, 그리고 에너지를 가장 필요로 하는 영․유아기의 손자녀를 양육하고 있는 조모들의 양육경험을 파악하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 조사대상은 대구와 경북지역의 7세 미만의 손자녀를 양육하고 있는 약 350명의 조모이며, 빈도분석, ANOVA, 그리고 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 조손가정을 형성하는 2가지 주요 원인으로 아동부모의 맞벌이와 가족해체이며, 조손가정 형성동기에 따라 조모들의 양육경험에는 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 성인자녀의 맞벌이로 인하여 손자녀 양육을 맡게 된 경우에는 이혼의 경우보다 조모들의 양육부담감이 낮게 나타났다. 조모의 일상생활은 양육동기가 자발적이고 양육의지가 높을 때 긍정적으로 변화하였고 생활만족도도 높은 것으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 따라서 앞으로 조손가정의 형성과정, 형성동기에 따라 차별화된 지원서비스와 프로그램을 제공하여 조모의 전반적 생활만족도를 증진시켜야 할 것이다. 조손가정은 일시적이고 잠정적이 아닌 새로운 가족형태로 정착할 것이다. 그러므로 조손가정의 기능적 측면을 인정하고 사회적 편견을 불식시킬 수 있는 체계적인 사회적 지원 방안을 강구할 필요가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the formation process of grandparents-grandchildren families and the raising experiences of grandchildren, which influence the life satisfaction of grandmothers. The data were collected by the face-to-face interview method based on a structured questionnaire for 350 grandmothers who were raising their grandchildren aged under 7 in Daegu City and Kyongsangbuk-do areas. The data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0 Windows for frequency analysis, ANOVA. Most of the grandmothers were still working in some form and they were relatively healthy. The two main reasons for the formation of the grandparents-grandchildren families were the existence of a dual-earners family situation and the divorce of the parents. These two big groups showed several differences in terms of the grandmother's age, economic state, and the relationship with the children's parents. Also, the life satisfaction of the grandmothers was found to be related to the reasons for the family formation, raising willingness, and raising burden. The grandmothers showed a variety of feelings from negative to positive feelings, such as feelings of burden, confusion, frustration, to hope, joy, and thankfulness. Even though they had some difficulties in raising their grandchildren, they showed a strong intention to raise their grandchildren if such a need should arise again. The welfare needs of the grandmothers were very high in medical fee support for themselves and their grandchildren, and in education fees. However, the need for a parent education program, elderly life education program, or housekeeping support were shown to be relatively low, which indicated that most of the grandparents-grandchildren families experienced sufficient economic support from outside the home as well as from the children's parents. It was suggested that there should be an integral system to systematically support grandparent-grandchildren families and to enhance the life satisfaction of grandmothers.