크로아티아 ‘정치체제 전환’의 의미와 교육의 변화에 미친 영향

Croatia’s ‘Political System Transition’ and Its Impact on Changes in Education

Yugoslavia’s breakup in 1991 resulted in the emergence of seven independent states in the southeastern Balkans, encompassing most of Yugoslavia's territory: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro, and North Macedonia. This marks the end of a period of historical development and change for the country, which was initially established in 1918 as the Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia, and was home to many different peoples, ethnic groups, regions, and cultures. As you may have noticed, the country's short history has witnessed dramatic political changes, resulting in several official names: the “Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia,” the “Kingdom of Yugoslavia,” the “Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia,” and the “Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Political, economic, religious, cultural, and notably, interstate divisions deepened in the 1980s, to the extent that countries founded on the principle of autonomy as republics (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Serbia) and autonomous provinces (Vojvodina, Kosovo) under the 1974 federal constitution were unable to prevent their collapse. This paper first examines how the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, established after 1918 to unite the South Slavic peoples, endured for more than 50 years as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, adopting a socialist system after World War II, and analyzes the education system it upheld along with its characteristics until its dissolution in 1991, following the declarations of independence by the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia. It further investigates the changes in content and educational system in Croatia, which transitioned to a democratic system after declaring independence in June 1991. The distinctions between education under the socialist system, characterized by monism, and education under the democratic system, characterized by pluralism, are clearly evident in Croatia. Furthermore, it discusses the Croatian government's focus on “establishing Croatian national identity,” “developing Croatian historical awareness,” and “preserving Croatian cultural heritage” as a framework for education policy.